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Main description:
It is now over ten years since we edited the first edition of HLA-B27 in the Development of Spondyloarthropathies (SpA). It is obvious that over this period an enormous amount of information concerning SpA and HLA-B27 has accumulated, and this has been reflected in the knowledge of molecular mechanism of the spondyloarthropathies. Discussion for such a book took initial form at the outstanding 4th Gent Symposium on SpA in October 2006, but was not formally commissioned by Landes Bioscience until early 2007. Molecular Mechanisms of Spondyloarthropathies aims to synthesize this growing knowledge and present all the current studies concerning the basic research of SpA.
Over the last decade, enormous progress has been made in the understanding of the molecular and cellular processes that lead to disease pathology. Recognition of the pathways involved in the pathogenic mechanisms of disease and the potential to target specific immune effector functions have opened the door to a wide range of innovative treatment opportunities for the SpA. Thus, we believe that the understanding of the specific molecular mechanisms involved would help to design highly specific drugs in the future. The contributors are among the best in their field and reflect the state of the art of research and current opinion of rheumatologists and immunologists.
Contents:
1. Clinical Assessment in the Spondyloarthropathies...... 1
Ruth Wittoek and Herman Mielants
Abstract...... 1
Introduction...... 1
Ankylosing Spondylitis...... 2
Psoriatic Arthritis...... 9
2. Imaging in Spondyloarthritis...... 17
Walter P. Maksymowych
Abstract...... 17
Introduction...... 17
Plain Radiography......18
Computed Tomography...... 21
Isotopic Imaging...... 21
Ultrasound...... 22
Magnetic Resonance Imaging......22
Sacroiliac Joint...... 24
Spine...... 27
Conclusions...... 33
3. Spondyloarthritis, Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal Hyperostosis (DISH) and Chondrocalcinosis...... 37
Jacome Bruges Armas, Ana Rita Couto and Bruno Filipe Bettencourt
Abstract......37
Introduction...... 37
Spondyloarthritis...... 37
Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal Hyperostosis (DISH)...... 40
Chondrocalcinosis/Crystal Deposition Disease (Cppd CD)...... 40
Molecular Genetics...... 42
Conclusions...... 47
4. The Enthesis Organ Concept and its Relevance to the Spondyloarthropathies......57
Michael Benjamin and Dennis McGonagle
Abstract...... 57
Introduction...... 58
Enthesis Organ Structure...... 58
Mechanisms for Reducing Stress Concentration at the Enthesis Itself......63
Related Concepts...... 66
Conclusions...... 67
5. Synovial and Mucosal Imunopathology in Spondyloarthritis...... 71
Bernard Vandooren, Paul P. Tak and Dominique Baeten
Abstract...... 71
Introduction...... 71
Axial Versus Peripheral Spondyloarthritis...... 73
Skeletal Remodeling in Spondyoarthritis...... 73
Synovial Biomarkers in Spondyoarthritis...... 75
Gut Inflammation in Spondyloarthritis......76
The Pathogenesis of Spondyloarthritis: The Mucosa Hypothesis...... 77
Innate Immunity and Mucosal Inflammation...... 77
Adaptive Immunity and Mucosal Inflammation...... 78
The Pathogenesis of Joint Inflammation...... 78
Conclusions...... 79
6. Bone Loss in theSpondyloarthropathies: Role of Osteoclast, Rankl, Rank and Opg in the Spondyloarthropathies...... 85
Allen P. Anandarajah and Edward M. Schwarz
Abstract...... 85
Introduction...... 85
Pathogenesis of Bone Loss...... 86
Bone Loss in the Spondyloarthritis...... 91
Bone Loss in Ankylosing Spondylitis...... 91
Bone Loss in PsA...... 93
Bone Loss in Enteropathic Arthritis...... 93
Bone Loss in Reactive Arthritis...... 95
Conclusions...... 95
7. RankL/Rank as Key Fa ctors for Osteoclast Development and Bone Loss in Arthropathies...... 100
Andreas Leibbrandt and Josef M. Penninger
Abstract...... 100
Introduction...... 100
Basic Characteristics of the Rankl-Rank-Opg Axis...... 101
RANKL-RANK-OPG Interactions and Bone Remodeling......104
RANK(L) Signaling Pathways...... 104
Modulators of Rankl-Mediated Osteoclastogenesis...... 107
Rank-Rankl as Therapeutic Targets for Arthropathies......109
Conclusions...... 110
8. Bone Formation Versus Bone Resorption in Ankylosing Spondylitis......114
Georg Schett
Abstract...... 114
Introduction...... 114
Lessons from Rheumatoid Arthritis...... 114
Structural Damage in Ankylosing Spondylitis...... 115
Mechanism of Joint Formation-Molecular Lessons for Joint Fusion......115
Bony Protrusion as a Stress Response of the Joint...... 115
Osteoblast-the Bone Forming Cells...... 116
From the Osteoblast to the Osteophyte...... 116
Molecular Regulation of Osteophytes......116
Concepts of Osteophyte Formation...... 117
Why do Osteophytes Grow in aS and not in ra?...... 118
Conclusions...... 120
9. Biomarkers in Spondyloarthropathies...... 122
Chun-Hsiung Chen, David Tak Yan Yu and Chung-Tei Chou
Abstract...... 122
Introduction...... 122
Purpose of Developing Biomarkers in Ankylosing Spondyltis...... 122
How do Investigators Assess the Degree of Usefulness of Spondylitis Biomarkers?...... 125
Matrix
PRODUCT DETAILS
Publisher: Springer (Springer-Verlag New York Inc.)
Publication date: June, 2009
Pages: 340
Weight: 636g
Availability: Available
Subcategories: General Issues, Orthopaedics and Fractures
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