Main description:

Conditions such as oxidative stress and hypoxia, which have a generalized impact on the oxygen metabolism, have been implicated in the genesis of kidney disease. This means that deepening our understanding of the pathobiology of oxygen metabolism in such diseases could be a fruitful path towards tangible clinical benefits. Studies in Renal Disorder collects reviews from leading researchers and clinical scientists working in exactly this field, providing an overview of the latest advances.

The causal role of impaired oxygen metabolism in kidney disease has numerous clinical implications. It affects our understanding of the therapeutic benefits accruing from anti-hypertensive agents; the way we control hyperglycemia/hyperinsulinemia and hyperlipidemia; and our use of dietary approaches to the correction of obesity. The defensive mechanisms against oxidative stress, such as the Nrf2-Keap1 system, and hypoxia, such as the PHD-HIF system, have recently been explored in various cells, including kidney cells. These mechanisms include intracellular sensors for oxidative stress and hypoxia. This means that novel approaches targeting these sensors may offer clinical benefits in kidney disease in which oxidative stress and/or hypoxia is a final, common pathway.

Contents:

Preface
Toshio Miyata, Kai-Uwe Eckardt, Masaomi Nangaku

Section 1. 'Oxidative Stress'

Oxidative Stress Pathology in Renal Disorders

Chapter 1. Oxidative stress injury in glomerular mesangium
by Josef Pfeilschifter and Karl-Friedrich Beck.

Chapter 2. Transition Metals and other Forms of Oxidative Protein Damage in
Renal Disease
by Vincent M. Monnier, Ina Nemet, David R. Sell and Miriam F. Weiss

Chapter 3. Cyclo-oxygenase in the kidney and oxidative stress
by Raymond C. Harris

Chapter 4. Renin angiotensin system in the kidney and oxidative stress -Local Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone-System and NAD(P)H oxidase-dependent oxidative stress in the kidney-
by Hideyasu Kiyomoto, Hiroyuki Kobori and Akira Nishiyama

Chapter 5. Thiamine in diabetic renal disease - dietary insufficiency, renal
washout, anti-stress gene response, therapeutic supplements, risk predictor and link to genetic susceptibility
by Paul J. Thornalley and Naila Rabbani

Chapter 6. Novel members of the globin family and their function against oxidative stress
by Hiroshi Nishi and Masaomi Nangaku

Clinical Aspects of Oxidative Stress in the Kidney
Chapter 7. Hypertension by Bernardo Rodriguez-Iturbeand Nosratola D. Vaziri
Chapter 8. Uric acid and oxidative stress by Richard J Johnson
Chapter 9. Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, oxidative and nitrosative
stress and their role in the pathogenesis of acute kidney injury
by Eisei Noiri, Francesco Addabbo and Michael Goligorsky

Chapter 10. Oxidative stress in the kidney: proximal tubule disorders
by Sara Terryn and Olivier Devuyst

Chapter 11. Iron metabolism and oxidative stress
by Anupam Agarwal
Chapter 12. Hypoxia, oxidative stress and the pathophysiology of contrast-media-induced nephropathy
by Samuel Heyman, Seymour Rosen, Mogher Khamais, Jean-Marc Odee and Christian Rosenberge

Chapter 13. Cardiovascular complications in renal failure: implications of advanced glycation end-products and their receptor, RAGE
by Yoshiki Nishizawa and Hidenori Koyama

Chapter 14. Infection and the kidney by Chih-Wei Yang

Chapter 15. Oxidative/carbonyl stress in the renal circulation and cardiovascular renal injury
by Takefumi Mori and Sadayoshi Ito

Current Therapy Targeting Oxidative Stress
Chapter 16. Renin angiotensin system
by Josephine M Forbes and Mark E Cooper

Chapter 17. Oxidative stress in kidney injury-peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor- agonists are in control
by Li-Jun Ma and Agnes Fogo

Chapter 18. Statin
by Ravi Nistala and Adam T. Whaley-Connell

Chapter 19. N-acetylcysteine in kidney disease
by Giancarlo Marenzi, Erminio Sisillo and Antonio L. Bartorelli

Chapter 20. Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) inhibitor
by Takashi Dan, Charles van Ypersele de Strihou and Toshio Miyata

Section 2. 'Hypoxia'

Hypoxia Biology
Chapter 21. Involvement of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 in physiological and pathological responses to continuous and intermittent hypoxia: Role of reactive oxygen species
by Gregg L. Semenza

Chapter 22. Regulation of oxygen homeostasis by PHDs
by Kotaro Takedaand Guo-Hua Fong

Chapter 23. Oxygen-dependent regulation of erythropoiesis
by Volker Haase

Chapter 24. Intricate link between hypoxia and oxidative stress in chronic kidney disease
by Tetsuhiro Tanaka

Chapter 25. RNA interference and the regulation of renal gene expression in
hypoxia
by Carsten Scholz, Colin R. Lenihan, Cormac T. Taylor and Ulrike Bruning.

Hypoxia Pathology in Renal Disorders
Chapter 26.Cardio-renal connection: The role of hypoxia and oxidative stress
by Carsten Willam, Tilmann Ditting, Roland Veelken and Johannes Jacobi

Chapter 27. HIF in acute kidney injury - from pathophysiology to a novel approach of organ protection
by Wanja M. Bernhardt, Carsten Willam and Kai-Uwe Eckardt

Chapter 28. Hypoxia in chronic kidney disease: the final common pathway to end stage renal disease
by Masaomi Nangaku

Chapter 29. Oxidative stress and hypoxia in the pathogenesis of diabetic
nephropathy
by Fredrik Palm, Lina Nordquist, Christopher S. Wilcox and Peter Hansell

Chapter 30. Estimation of kidney oxygenation by BOLD-MRI
by Lu-Ping Li and Pottumarthi V. Prasad

Chapter 31. Anemia and progression of chronic kidney disease
by Danilo Fliser and Ferdinand Bahlmann

Section 3. Novel therapeutic approaches against oxidative stress and hypoxia
Chapter 32. Novel therapeutic approaches against hypoxia and oxidative stress,targeting intracellular sensor molecules for oxygen and oxidative stress
by Toshio Miyata and Charles van Ypersele de Strihou

Chapter 33. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress as a target of therapy against oxidative stress and hypoxia
by Reiko Inagi

Chapter 34. Stem cell therapy against oxidative stress and hypoxia
by Takashi Yokoo and Motoko Yanagita