Main description:

The last twenty years has seen the biggest revolution in the treatment of renal tract stone that has ever been experienced in the history of urolithiasis. The treatment of upper tract renal stone has progressed from the days of a very traumatic and morbid procedure to the relatively innocuous, walk in/walk out therapy of extracorporeal lithotripsy. This progression of events has resulted in a complete reappraisal of management of all types of urinary calculi. From an initial reluctance to treat many stones because of the trauma involved, we have now passed to a situation where smaller and asympto matic stones may be pre-emptively treated before the treatment of serious clinical problems. It is true to say that in Westemized societies the problem of urolithiasis has almost completely been solved by the advent of advanced technology. In this volume, attention is drawn to the fact that there are still persistent difficulties in treating urolithiasis in the less developed and less affluent societies. The differences in epidemiology of urolithiasis in various areas of the world are highlighted, noting a rapid decrease in the incidence of bladder calculi in impover ished areas where affluence increases. Coupled with this progression of affluence however is the well documented increase in the incidence of upper tract renal stones of oxalate nature. This scenario has been almost universal across all coun tries in the last few decades.

Contents:

Section I: Urinary Tract Calculi. Division 1: Introduction, Epidemiology, Etiology. 1. Urolithiasis: Composition, Symptoms and Pathology; A. Memon, J. Talati. 2. Radiology in Urolithiasis; S. Hussain. 3. Epidemiology of Urolithiasis in Pakistan; J. Talati, et al. 4. Urolithiasis in the Middle East: Epidemiology and Pathogenesis; S.R. El-Faqih, I. Hussain. 5. Epidemiology of Urolithiasis in the Western World; K. Hamawy, et al. 6. Metabolic and Dietary Risk Factors for Urolithiasis; R.A.L. Sutton, J. Talati. 7. Oxalate and Urolithiasis; R.A.L. Sutton. 8. Familial Clustering and Sex Incidence of Urolithiasis; J. Talati. Division 2: Choices in the Management of Calculi. 9. Decisions! Decisions! J. Talati. 10. Hazards of Open Surgery; J. Talati. 11. Choices, Limitations, Hazards and Value of Technology in the Treatment of Lithiasis; J. Talati. 12. Bioeffects of ESWL; J. Lingeman, F. Abbas. 13. Choices, Limitations, Hazards and Value of Technology: Laser Fragmentation of Urinary Calculi; G. Watson, T. Shah. 14. ESWL Today: The Spectrum of Stone Disease Treated on the Lithotriptor Today; J. Talati. 15. The Management of Renal Stones by Operation; J. Talati. 16. ESWL for Renal Stones and Management Options for Calyceal Calculi; J. Talati. 17. Percutaneous Nephrolithotony for Renal Stones; T. Shah, S. Hussain. 18. The Management of Staghorn Calculi; J. Talati. 19. Choices of Management of Ureteric Calculi; J. Talati. 20. Clinical Results of Laser Fragmentation of Ureteric Calculi; G. Watson, T. Shah. 21. The Management of Vesical and Urethral Calculi; Z. Hotiana. Division 3: Enhancement of Efficacy and Safety of Treatment. 22. Patients at Risk for Excessive Post-ESWL Bleeding; M. Khursheed, J. Talati. 23. Patients with Pacemakers; N. Baseer. 24. Safeguarding Fetus and Gonads; J. Talati. 25. Other High Risk Patients; J. Talati. 26. The Role of ESWL in Patients with Leprosy; G. Warren. 27. Factors Determining the Need for Multiple Treatments on the Dornier HM3; J.A. Belis, G. Halenda. 28. Factors Determining Need for Multiple Treatments: Decisions Based on Stone Bulk, Composition and Acoustic Efficiency; J. Talati. 30. Urinary Tract Infections, Stones and ESWL; J. Talati. 31. The Judicious Use of Stents; J. Talati, et al. 32. Protection of Hospital Personnel; J. Talati, S. Kahn. Division 4: High Technology at Affordable Cost. 33. Introduction: High Technology at Affordable Cost; J. Talati. 34. The Economics of Stone Therapy: An Economist's Views; S.K. Qureshi. 35. Selecting a Lithotriptor: Hospital Perspective; N.M. Khan, M. Dhanani. 36. Lithotriptor Sharing; R. Vleeming, et al. 37. Cost Factors in Equitable Care; J. Talati. 38. Commencing and Expanding Lithotripsy Services; J. Talati. 39. Financing a Lithotriptor; M. Kakalia.