Main description:

The Fourth International Workshop on "In Vitro Effects of Mineral Dusts on Cells" was held on September 20 - 23, 1988 in Auberge Estrimont, Orford, Quebec, Canada. The emphasis of the N. A. T. O. Advanced Research Workshop was the use of cell and organ culture and lavage cell populations obtained from man and laboratory animals to elucidate cellular and molecular events occur ring after their interaction with fibrous and nonfibrous particulates, including metal compounds. In seven sessions, an international representation of scientists from 17 countries (Austria, Belgium, Canada, France, Federal Republic of Germany, India, Japan, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Union of South Africa, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom, United States of America, and Yugoslavia) presented recent research findings in the following areas: Epithelial cell injury and proliferation by minerals. Physico-chemical properties of minerals in relation to their biologic effects. Mechanisms of dust-induced pneumoconioses. Clinical and experimental studies. Mechanisms of cytotoxicity, mutagenicity and carcinogenicity. Oxidants, cytotoxicity and disease. Mechanisms of mineral-induced inflammation. Mechanisms of carcinogenesis. A session on "Questions, risk and public policy" provided a lively discussion on the relevance of in vitro experiments to carcinogenicity studies in man and their implications in the formation of regulatory policies. VI The organizing committee for this workshop was: Co-Chairs: B. T. Mossman (USA) and R. Begin (Canada) E. G. Beck (FRG) A. Lange (Poland) A. Brody (USA) P. Nettesheim (USA) R. C. Brown (UK) Q. Rahman (India) J. Bignon (France) K. Robock (FRG) Fisher G.

Contents:

A. Epithelial Cell Injury and Proliferation by Minerals.- 1. Effects of Cigarette Smoke on Uptake of Asbestos and Iron Oxide by Rat Tracheal Explants.- 2. Cytotoxicity of Asbestos and Calcium-Silicates to Various Lung Epithelial Cell Types InVitro.- 3. Injurious Effects of Mineral Dust-Elicited Bronchoalveolar Leukocytes on Epithelial Cells InVitro: The Role of Extracellular Matrix Components.- B. Physico-Chemical Properties of Minerals in Relation to their Biologic Effects.- 1. Toxicity of Chrysotile Asbestos through Surface Modification with Chelating Agents.- 2. A Comparison of the In Vitro and In Vivo Toxicity of Fibrous and Non-Fibrous Silicon Nitride.- 3. Membranolytic Activity and Morphological Characterization of Palygorskite and Sepiolite.- 4. Mineral Surface-Specific Differences in the Adsorption and Enzymatic Removal of Surfactant and their Correlation with Cytotoxicity.- C. Mechanisms of Dust-Induced Pneumoconioses. Clinical and Experimental Studies.- 1. Bronchoalveolar Lavage Cells in Occupational Exposure to Mineral Fibers.- 2. Alveolar Macrophages Secretory Dysfunctions in Coal Worker's Pneumoconiosis. Comparison Between Simple Pneumoconiosis and Progressive Massive Fibrosis.- 3. Cellularity in Bronchoalveolar Lavage in Cement Dust Aggression.- 4. Carborundum Pneumoconiosis.- D. Mechanisms of Cytotoxicity, Mutagenicity and Carcinogenicity.- 1. Influence of Physicochemical Properties of Beryllium and Nickel Compounds on Cultured Cell Toxicity.- 2. Comparative Study of the Effect of Various Fibres on the Secretion of Plasminogen Activator by Murine Peritoneal Macrophages.- 3. Release of Interleukin-1 and Tumor Necrosis Factor by Rat Alveolar Macrophages after InVivo or InVitro Exposure to Mineral Dusts.- 4. The Effect of Aramid and Metaphosphate Fibers on Macrophage Viability and Function.- 5. Effects of Nicotinamide on the Cytotoxicity of Mineral Dusts towards Pulmonary Alveolar Macrophages.- 6. Long-Term Effect of 3Methylcholanthrene-Coated Asbestos Fibres on the Immune Status of F1 (NZB*C57B1/6) Mice.- 7. Production of Growth Factors by Rat Pleural Mesothelial Cells InVivo or InVitro Transformed by Chrysotile Fibers.- 8. Mutagenicity of Asbestos and Erionite in a Salmonella Tester Strain of TA102.- 9. Induction of Sister Chromatid Exchanges by Fibrous Dusts Alone and in Combination with Other Xenobiotics in Chinese Hamster Cells.- 10. Pleural and Parenchymal Responses in Rats to Short-Term Inhalation Exposures to Erionite, Crocidolite, Chrysotile, Silica and Titanium Dioxide.- 11. InVitro Responses of Canine Alveolar Lymphocytes to BeSO4 After Inhalation Exposure to BeO.- E. Oxidants, Cytotoxicity and Disease.- 1. Oxidants, Antioxidants and Monokines in the Pathogenesis of Coal Workers' Pneumoconiosis. Tumor Necrosis Factor as a Mediator in Lung Fibrosis.- 2. Use of Chemiluminescence Assays to Monitor the Surface Characteristics and Biological Reactivity of Freshly Fractured vs Aged Silica.- 3. Production of Free Radicals by Non-Fibrous Materials in a Cell-Free Buffer Medium.- 4. Detoxified Crocidolite Exhibits Reduced Radical Generation which Could Explain its Lower Toxicity: ESR and Mossbauer Studies.- 5. The Formation of Oxygen Reactive Radicals at the Surface of Crushed Quartz Dusts as a Possible Cause of Silica Pathogenicity.- 6. Arachidonic Acid Metabolite Production by Alveolar Macrophages Cultured in Gazeous Phase. Effects of NO2 and Diesel Exhaust.- 7. Superoxide Anion Production Induced by Chrysotile Asbestos in the Guinea Pig Alveolar Macrophage.- 8. Altered Calcium Homeostasis and Mineral Dust Toxicity.- 9. Formation of 8-Hydroxy-deoxyguanosine in DNA by MMMF.- 10. Effect of Chrysotile, Amosite and Crocidolite on the Oxidative Burst of Rabbit Alveolar Macrophages.- 11. Production of Radicals Arising from Surface Activity of Fibrous Minerals.- 12. Potential Role of Silicon-Oxygen Radicals in Acute Lung Injury.- 13. Oxygenated Radical Formation by Fresh Quartz Dust in a Cell-Free Aqueous Medium and its Inhibition by Scavengers.- F. Mechanisms of Mineral-Induced Inflammation.- 1. Interaction of Quartz with Bovine Alveolar Macrophages: Studies on Cytotoxicity, Electrophoretic Mobility and Subcellular Components.- 2. Degradation of an Extracellular Matrix Component by Broncho-alveolar. Leukocytes InVitro: Modulation by Mineral Dusts.- 3. Silica Induced Alveolar Leucocytosis: Modulation by Mepacrine.- 4. Altered Functional Expression of Alveolar Macrophage Subpopulations after Serpentine and Amphibole Asbestos Exposure.- 5. Particle Induced InVitro Chemotaxis of Alveolar Macrophages (AM) and Neutrophils and InVivo Effects.- 6. Consequences of MMMF Inhalation on Lung and Pleural Cavity Cell Populations.- 7. The Role of Alveolar Macrophage Activation in the Response to Mineral Fibers.- 8. InVitro Studies of Leukocytes Lavaged from the Lungs of Rats Following the Inhalation of Mineral Dusts.- 9. Predictive Value of InVitro Pulmonary Macrophage Functional Assays to Assess InVivo Clearance of Inhaled Particles.- 10. Leukotriene B4 and Tumor Necrosis Factor Production after InVitro Exposure of Rat Alveolar Macrophages to Mineral Dust: Potential Role in Fibrogenesis.- 11. Modulation of Macrophage-Mediated Cytotoxicity by Toxic Particles.- G. Mechanisms of Carcinogenesis.- 1. Effects of Asbestos Fibres on Some Aspects of the Cell Second Messenger System.- 2. A Model for the Influence of Inhaled Mineral Fibers on the Cellular Burden of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Lung.- 3. Oncogenic Transformation by Asbestos Fibers and Radon-Stimulated Alpha Particles.- 4. Studies on Cell Cycle of Rat Pleural Mesothelial Cells Submitted to Direct or Indirect Hit by Chrysotile Fibres.- 5. Effects of 3Methylcholanthrene-coated Asbestos on Hematological Status of F1 (NZB*C57B1/6) Mice.- 6. Occurrence and Morphology of Tumors Induced in Nude Mice Transplanted with Pleural Mesothelial Cells InVitro Treated with Chrysotile Fibres or Benzo 3-4 Pyrene.- 7. Cytotoxic, Hemolytic and Mutagenic Issue Caused by Chrysotile-Asbestos InVitro.- 8. Effects of Asbestos on Specific Binding of Phorbol Ester Tumor Promoter and Protein Kinase C Activity in Hamster Tracheal Epithelial (HTE) Cells.- H. Questions, Risks and Public Policy.- 1. Questions to the Cell Biologists and Proposals for a Definition and Classification of Carcinogenic Fibers Derived from Animal Studies.- 2. Risk Factors of Asbestos-Related Cancers.- 3. Mesothelioma Threshold.- I. Summary and Closing Remarks.