Main description:

More than a quarter century has passed since the initial descriptions of tardive dyskinesia (Schonecker, 1957; Sigwald et aI., 1959). The earliest epidemiologic study of this disorder was carried out in Roskilde, Denmark, by Uhrbrand and Faurbye (1960); the term tardive dyskinesia was first used a few years later in a subsequent paper (Faurbye et aI., 1964). Despite 25 years of intensive investiga- tive scrutiny, the syndrome persists, and approaches to its prevention and treat- ment continue to have limited efficacy. It is thus fitting to evaluate what has already been learned and consider future directions for research. . Tardive dyskinesia is generally dermed as an involuntary movement disorder, mainly involving the mouth, which attends long-term neuroleptic exposure. Beyond these simple facts, however, there has been relatively little consensus about this disorder. A desire to address the controversies associated with tardive dyskinesia prompted the organization of an international symposium at Kolle- kolle, just outside Copenhagen. This publication comprises all 26 presentations.

Contents:

Preclinical Aspects.- Brain Dopamine Receptors in Schizophrenia and Tardive Dyskinesia.- Receptor-Binding Profiles of Neuroleptics.- Functional Classification of Different Dopamine Receptors.- Pharmacological Properties of Presynaptic Dopamine Receptor Agonists.- Influence of GABA Mimetics and Lithium on Biochemical Manifestations of Striatal Dopamine Target Cell Hypersensitivity.- New Aspects on the Role of Dopamine, Acetylcholine, and GABA in the Development of Tardive Dyskinesia.- Discussion Section.- Differential Effects of Dopamine D-1 and D-2 Agonists and Antagonists in 6-Hydroxydopamine-Lesioned Rats.- Clinical Aspects.- Is Tardive Dyskinesia a Unique Disorder?.- Tardive Dyskinesia: Prevalence, Incidence, and Risk Factors.- Involuntary Disorders of Movement in Chronic Schizophrenia - The Role of the Illness and Its Treatment.- Tardive Dyskinesia: Reversible and Irreversible.- Pathophysiological Mechanisms Underlying Tardive Dyskinesia.- Chemical and Structural Changes in the Brain in Patients with Movement Disorder.- Medical Treatment of Dystonia.- The Effect of Dopamine Antagonists in Spontaneous and Tardive Dyskinesia.- GABA Dysfunction in the Pathophysiology of Tardive Dyskinesia.- Clinical Activity of GABA Agonists in Neuroleptic- and L-Dopa-Induced Dyskinesia.- Tardive Dyskinesia: Nondopaminergic Treatment Approaches.- Pathophysiology of L-Dopa-Induced Abnormal Involuntary Movements.- Discussion Section.- Prevalence of Tardive Dyskinesia in a Clinic Population.- Animal Models.- Differential Alteration of Striatal D-1 and D-2 Receptors Induced by the Long-Term Administration of Haloperidol, Sulpiride or Clozapine to Rats.- Pharmacological Differentiation of Dopamine D-1 and D-2 Antagonists After Single and Repeated Administration.- Pathophysiology of Tardive Dyskinesia.- Intermittent Treatment with Droperidol, a Short-Acting Neuroleptic, Increases Behavioral Dopamine Receptor Sensitivity.- Induction and Reversal of Dopamine Dyskinesia in Rat, Cat, and Monkey.- Behavioral Effects of Long-Term Neuroleptic Treatment in Cebus Monkeys.- Induction of Tardive Dyskinesia in Cebus apella and Macaca speciosa Monkeys: A Review.- List of Contributors.