Main description:

This book reviews skin permeation and disposition of chemical compounds. Skin is utilized as an administration site for transdermal drug delivery systems, topical drug formulations, cosmeceuticals, and cosmetics. Their usefulness is closely related to the permeation and disposition of entrapped active ingredients through and into the skin. Skin permeation, disposition, and metabolism of chemicals are first summarized in the general introduction. Then primary topical formulations are explained in the second part, "Basic Formulations Applied to Skin". The explanation for the active compounds and formulations are of the most important parts required to fabricate these formulations. Skin absorption of chemicals is generally much lower than oral and the other mucosal absorptions, so that skin-penetration enhancement is a key issue to have good formulations topically applied. Part 3 presents "Skin Penetration Enhancement". In addition, Part 4, "Selection of Topically Applied Chemical Candidates", deals with selection methods of topically applied ingredients for transdermal drug delivery systems, topical drug formulations, cosmeceuticals, and cosmetics. Parts 5 and 6, "Safety Assessment of Topically Applied Compounds" and "Experimental Methods of Skin Permeation", respectively, show safety issues and experimental methods for topical formulations. The final part consists of comments on therapeutic and cosmetic formulations by medical doctors and pharmacists. Their comments are especially helpful for pharmaceutical and cosmetic researchers who study dermatopharmacokinetics and topical formulations.

This volume is particularly useful for those working in R&D, graduate students, and educators in the area of pharmaceutics, cosmetic sciences, dermatological sciences, pharmacology, toxicology, biopharmacy, pharmacokinetics, physical pharmacy, chemical engineering, and related fields.

Contents:

Part 1 GENERAL INTRODUCTION.- 1 Skin Morphology And Permeation Pathway Through Skin.- 2 Skin Permeation Of Chemicals.- 3 Skin Disposition Of Chemicals.- 4 Skin Metabolism Of Chemicals.- 5 Systematic Absorption Of Chemicals And Its Kinetics.- 6 Related Topic: Chemical Permeation Through Impaired Skin.- 7 Related Topic: Skin Permeation Of Topical Formulations.- 8 Related Topic: Halal Cosmetics.- Part 2 BASIC FORMULATIONS APPLIED TO SKIN.- 9 Liquid Formulations.- 10 Dermal Patches, Plasters And Cataplasms.- 11 Related Topic: Liposomes: Recent Advances & Future Perspective.- 12 Related Topic: Encapsulation Technologies: Polymeric Micelles In Dermal And Transdermal Delivery.- 13 Related Topic: Liquid Crystals In Dermal And Transdermal Delivery.- Part 3 SKIN PENETRATION ENHANCEMENT.- 14 Iontophoresis And Electroporation.- 15 Microneedle Array.- 16 Drug Delivery To Skin By Needle-Free Injector.- 17 Related Topic: Prodrug Approach.- 18 Related Topic: S/O Technique To Increase Skin Permeation.- 19 Related Topic: Cyclodextrin.- 20 Related Topic: Ion-Pair Strategy.- Part 4 SELECTION OF TOPICALLY APPLIED CHEMICAL CANDIDATES .- 21 Selection Of Topically Applied Chemical Candidates - TDDS.- 22 Drugs In Topical Formulations.- 23 Related Topic: Development Of Transdermal Drug Delivery System Using Self-Dissolving Microneedle Arrays Fabricated Using Hyaluronic Acid.- 24 Related Topic: Vaccines.- Part 5 SAFETY ASSESSMENT OF TOPICALLY APPLIED COMPOUNDS.- 25 Skin Damage Caused By Chemical Application.- 26 In Vitro Evaluation For Skin Toxicity.- 27 Related Topic: Safety Evaluation And Alternatives To Animal Testing.- 28 Related Topic: Safety Evaluation Of Nanomaterials.- Part 6.EXPERIMENTAL METHODS OF SKIN PERMEATION.- 29 In Vitro Methods.- 30 In Vivo Methods.- 31 Development Of Full-Thickness Human Skin Equivalents With Blood And Lymph-Like Capillary Networks By Cell Coating Technology.- 32 In Silico Approach.- 33 Related Topic: Measurement Of Diffusion Coefficient Of Chemicals.- 34 Related Topic: Determination Of Partition Coefficient From Vehicle To Skin.- 35 Related Topic: Use Of Pampa And Artificial Membranes.- 36 Related Topic: Drug Permeation Through Hair Follicle.- Part 7 COMMENTS FROM MEDICAL DOCTORS AND PHARMACISTS.- 37 Comments On The Topical Formulations From Medical Doctor.- 38 Comments On The Functional Cosmetics From Medical Doctor.- 39 Comments From Pharmacist.- 38 Comments On The Functional Cosmetics From Medical Doctor.- 39 Comments From Pharmacist.