Main description:

The book covers all aspects of anesthesia in newborns, neonates (under 28 days) and premature babies. These patients are highly vulnerable, very small in size and weight, at very high risk, and have high mortality and morbidity, which gets further aggravated by the medical diseases and congenital abnormalities these babies may suffer from.

The book provides knowledge that equips the anesthetists with the regional techniques used to provide both anesthesia and analgesia, including information about the drugs used, skills in providing neuraxial blocks, nerve blocks, etc., complications thereof and the specially designed equipment for these patients (IV cannula, endotracheal tubes, ryles tubes, laryngoscopes, SpO2 probes, monitors, incubators, warmers and heaters, mattresses, OT tables).

The book covers the pharmacology of drugs used, the effect of anesthetic drugs on the developing brain, pulmonary physiology, airway assessment and management, ventilation modes, getting IV and arterial access, preoperative workup, anesthetic management, and postoperative care. It includes care and concerns from both surgical and anesthesia aspects. It covers all the common surgical diseases along with some rare cases such as oncological concerns, palliative care, ethical concerns and pain management. The book also discusses the role and use of ultrasound. The chapter on anesthesia for short procedures includes common birth and neonatal care injuries. The book contains chapters on fluid therapy, blood and blood product transfusion guidelines and indications, resuscitation of a newborn and neonate, and neonatal rehabilitation to improve neonatal outcomes. It contains a dedicated chapter on why these babies are at a high risk of morbidity and mortality and contributing maternal factors. All the chapters are written by experts in their fields with vast experience.

This book bridges the gap in the knowledge of an anesthesiologist between anesthesia for children and adults and newborns, neonates and preterm babies.

Contents:

Part I. Newborn Diseases and Care.- 1. Why special concern and care in Newborn, Premature and Neonate?.- 2. Maternal Health and disease and impact on Fetal, Newborn and neonatal well being.- 3. Common Medical diseases including allergies.- 4. Newborn and Neonatal screening.- 5. Common Surgical diseases.- 6. Opthalmological surgical conditions.- 7. Blood/ Blood Product Transfusion - Guidelines, indications, common Hematological disturbances (Neutropenia, Anemia, Thrombocytopenia, Thalassemia, Sickle cell anemia).- 8. Resuscitation in newborn and neonates.- 9. Neonatal Rehabilitation and Motor Performance as tool to Neonatal outcome.- Part II. Developmental PhysioAnatomy and Anesthesia.- 10. Anatomical & Physiological considerations in the NB - fetal circulation and adaptation at birth, birth weight and gestational age, airway anatomy, cardiopulmonary and other organ functions and parameters, thermoregulation, anesthesia risk and morbidity and mortality.- 11. Prematurity -anesthetic considerations.- 12. Pharmacological Principles in NB/ NN - Pharmacokinetics / Pharmacodynamics - Anesthetic Drugs, Narcotics, IV & Inhalational agents, relaxants, drugs, vasomimetics and Anticholinergics.- 13. Brain development and Effects of Anesthesia and drugs on developing brain.- 14. Respiratory system development & physiology, normal parameters, Lung volumes and capacities, gas exchange, hypoxia Hyperoxia, Hypercarbia Hypocarbia, importance of FiO2.- 15. The Airway- Assessment, Airway Equipment, Airway management (ETI, RSI, FOI), alternative Airway (LMA, Tracheostomy), Difficult airway (Choanal atresia, laryngeal web/ stenosis, Laryngomalacia).- 16. Ventilation and Ventilatory modes for Newborn and Neonates.- 17. Thermoregulation in newborn, neonate and premature, and perioperative temperature control - hypothermia, hyperthermia and adverse effects.- 18. Intraoperative Fluids and Blood Transfusion management.-19. Achieving Vascular access - Arterial, venous - one time / continous, and management.- 20. Pain pathways, development, nociception, analgesics, periop pain management.- 21. Regional Anesthesia - Neuraxial blocks, Nerve blocks.- 22. Perioperative Fasting and NPO. Recovery after anesthesia and surgery.- 23. Choice of Anesthesia Technique, Preop Workup, Preparation, Anesthetic management.- 24.Monitoring - Non-invasive / Invasive.- Part III- System / Case Based Anesthesia.- 25. Diseases of the GI system - Pyloric stenosis, NEC, GI atresia, Intestinal obstruction, Hirschprungs ds, Colostomy and Colostomy closure.- 26. TEF.- 27. CDH.- 28. Congenital defects of abdominal wall - Exomphalos, Omphalocele, Gastroschisis.- 29. Thoracic surgery - General, Lung Cyst / Abscess, Thoracotomy /Thoracoscopy, Lobectomy / Pneumonectomy.-30. Anesthesia for Laparoscopic Surgery.-31. Anesthesia for PDA ligation.- 32. Neural tube development and defects- anesthesia for MMC, Encephalocoel, congenital hydrocephalus, shunt (VP/ VA).- 33. Anesthesia for Kidney / bladder related procedures - General, Ectopia Vesicae, bladder Exostrophy, Wilm's tumor, Nephrectomy, Congenital Hydronephrosis, Obstructive Uropathy.- 34. Anaesthesia for Ophthalmic Procedures in NN NB & Premature - syringing Probing, EUA, Cryosurgery, Laser surgery, Vitreal Injections.- 35. Anesthesia for Esophagoscopy, Bronchoscopy, Chest Tube Placement.- 36. Anesthesia for Hydrocele / Orchidopexy, Hypospadia / Epispadia, Inguinal/Umbilical Hernia, Cystoscopy, PUV Fulgration.-37. Anesthesia for Orthopedic procedures - Close / Open reduction, Hip/ Shoulder Dislocation, CTEV.- Part 3 - Special / Advances in care in Newborn, Neonate and Premature and anesthesia implications.- 38. Hemoglobin, Hemoglobinopathies (Thallasemia, Sickle cell disease) O2 Carrying Capacity, ODC, Hypoxia, Hyperoxia - Risks, safety measures and Anesthetic considerations and management.- 39. Perioperative management of hemodynamicaly unstable Neonate- Technical and Practical considerations, Invasive Monitoring, advanced Hemodynamic tools as guide to fluid management in a Surgical Neonate.- 40. Neuro Muscular dystrophy / Myopathy / Malignant Hyperpyrexia and anesthesia.-41. Anesthetic considerations in NB and NN with CHD (Cyanotic / Acyanotic) for non cardiac surgery - ASD, VSD, TAPVD, PDA, TOF, Persistent LSVC, cardiac failure, role of non invasive biventricular assist.-42. Use of Ultrasound in Newborn and Neonate - Airway assessment and management, ET Placement / Vascular (venous, arterial) access , Nerve Access.-43. Anesthesia / Sedation for procedures outside the OT - CT Scan, MRI, ECHO, Angiography, Ultrasound.-44. Birth Injuries and Neonatal Care Injuries.- 45. Intraoperative and postoperative complications.- 46. Oncological issues in Neonatal care.- 47. Palliative Care issues in Neonatal care.- 48. Ethical principles in Newborn and Neonate - in Research and Clinical care - consent, risk, DNAR, Medicolegal implications, IV/Art line placements, blood and tissue collection and storage, screening, monitoring, SpO2 necrosis, procedural related, pain management, stress response abolition, cancelation in the OT, long fasting.-49. Corona and Anesthesia Concerns.- 50. EXIT Procedure.- Part 4 - Uncommon and Rare Surgeries - Anesthetic Considerations.- 51. Cervical Terratoma.-52. Sacrococcygeal Terratoma.-53. Syndromic baby and anesthesia.- 54. Biliary Atresia, NN Cholestasis, Hyperbilirubinemia, Anesthetic Implications, role of ZnSO4.- 55. Congenital Neonatal Broncho Biliary Fistula.- 56. Craniofacial abnormalities - Craniosynostosis.- 57. Cystic Hygroma.- 58. Insulinomas / Nesidioblastoma.- 59. Congenital NN Pneumothorax.- 60. Anesthetic considerations in NN with CHD (Cyanotic / Acyanotic) for non cardiac surgery - ASD, VSD, TAPVD, PDA, TOF, Persistent LSVC, cardiac failure.