Main description:

Embryoimplantationisaremarkableandcomplexprocess. Approachesde- velopedfromthefieldsofcellanddevelopmentalbiology,immunology, andmolecularbiologyhavegreatlyenhancedourabilitytostudythe sharedaswellasuniquefeaturesofembryo-uterineinteractions. Impres- siveandcriticalgroundworkhasbeenlaidbyalargeanddedicatedarray ofendocrinologists,reproductivebiologists,andanatomists. Thesestudies havesetthestagetoutilizesensitiveandsophisticatedtechniquestode- tectandmodulateproteinandgeneexpression. Justasthesymbiosisofmother andfetusiscriticalforthemaintenanceofpregnancy,soisthesynergyamong investigatorsfrommanydisciplines,bothinbasicandclinicalarenas,keyto unravelingthemysteriesofimplantationandplacentation. Alargegroupof contributorsinthisfieldhadtheopportunitytomeetanddiscussthestateof thisartwiththesupportofSeronoSymposiaUSA,Inc. Whileitisneverpos- sibletobringtogethereveryonewhohasplayedanimportantrole,itwas, nonetheless,bothexcitingandgratifyingtohavesomanycolleaguestogether forthisevent. Inthechaptersthatfollow,thehighlightsofthismeetingarepresented assummarizedbytheindividualpresentersofsevendifferentsessions.
The topichasbeenconsideredfromthebroadsocialandethicalimplications ofmoderninvitrofertilizationandassistedreproductivetechnologiesto detailedmolecularcontrolsovereventsthatoccurduringembryonicdevel- opment,uterinepreparationforimplantation,andplacentalorganogenesis. Thesechaptersdemonstratethesignificantandrapidprogressbeingmade inthisfieldofbiologyandmedicine. Atthesametime,theyshowthat muchmoreneedstobedonetounderstandandfullyappreciatethispro- cess. Lessonslearnedfromthiseffortcanbeexpectedtocontinuetopro- videinsightsintoother,relatedfields. Ofthemanycontributorstoour understandingoftheprocessofimplantation,nonehavehadalargerim- pactthanourcolleague,AllenEnders. Dr. Endershasplayedaparamount roleindevelopingthebasicunderstandingofthecellbiologicalprocesses vii VIII Preface underlyingimplantationandplacentationinmanyspecies,includinghu- mans. Hecontinuestocontributeandguidethoughtintheseareas. The participantsofthissymposiumrecognizedDr. Enders'impressivecontribu- tionsbyholdingthiseventinhishonor. DANIELD. CARSON * Contents Preface vii Contributors xiii PartI. Development and Future ofHuman In Vitro Fertilization and Embryo Implantation I.
ImplantationintheHumanasViewedbyCanonLaw, CivilLaw,andNaturalReason 3 HOWARDW. JONES, JR. , RICHARDA. MCCORMICK, AND SUSAN L. CROCKIN 2. TheImpactofMaternalAgeandOvarianAge onImplantationEfficiency...12 STEVEN SPANDORFER AND ZEV ROSENWAKS Part II. CellularAspects ofImplantation 3. VascularInvasionDuringImplantationandPlacentation 23 ALLEN C. ENDERS AND THOMASN. BLANKENSHIP 4. OxygenRegulatesHumanCytotrophoblastProliferation, Differentiation,andInvasion:Implicationsfor EndovascularInvasioninNormalPregnancy andPreeclampsia 39 OLGA GENBACEV,YAN ZHOU, MICHAEL T. McMASTER, JOHNW. LUDLOW, CAROLINEH. DAMSKY, AND SUSAN1. FISHER 5. Embryo-MaternalInteractionsafterDiapause inaMarsupial 54 MARILYNB. RENFREE AND GEOFFREY SHAW IX x Contents 6. CellularInteractionsandtheCysteineProteinases intheProcessofMouseImplantation 67 BRUCE BABIARZ, SUZANNE AFONSO, ANDLINDA ROMAGNANO Part III. HormonalRegulation 7. NovelSteroid-RegulatedMarkersofImplantation 83 INDRANIC. BAGCHI 8. MolecularSignalinginImplantation 92 SANJOYK. DAS, BIBHASHC. PARIA, AND SUDHANSU K. DEY 9. IdentificationofProgesterone-RegulatedGenes intheUterus 107 CINDEER. FUNK, BERTW. O'MALLEY, AND FRANCESCO1. DEMAYO PartIV.
MolecularMarkersofReceptivity 10. MucinsProvideaBarriertoEmbryoImplantation 123 MARYM. DESOUZA, GULNARA. SURVEYOR, XINHUI ZHOU, JoANNE JULIAN, ANDDANIELD. CARSON II. PotentialInvolvementofTrophinin,Bystin, andTastininEmbryoImplantation 132 MICHIKON. FUKUDA, DAITA NADANO,NAO SUZUKJ, AND JUN NAKAYAMA 12. OsteopontininHumanEndometrium: ARoleinEndometrialReceptivityand EmbryoImplantation? 141 CHRISTOS COUTIFARJS,AKINYINKA OMIGBODUN, PIOTR ZIOLKIEWICZ, AND JOHN HOYER PartV. TrophoblastFactors 13. TheRabbitasaModelforImplantation: InVivoandInVitroStudies 151 LORENH. HOFFMAN,D. RACHEL BREINAN, AND GARETHL. BLAEUER 14. RegulationofTrophoblastEndocrineFunction: ThePlacentaDoesItsOwnThingTranscriptionally...161 JEROMEF. STRAUSSIII ANDLEE-CHUANKAo Contents XI 15. TranscriptionFactorsRegulatingtheDifferentiation oftheTrophoblastCellLineage 167 IANC. SCOTTANDJAMESC.

Contents:

I. Development and Future of Human In Vitro Fertilization and Embryo Implantation.- 1. Implantation in the Human as Viewed by Canon Law, Civil Law, and Natural Reason.- 2. The Impact of Maternal Age and Ovarian Age on Implantation Efficiency.- II. Cellular Aspects of Implantation.- 3. Vascular Invasion During Implantation and Placentation.- 4. Oxygen Regulates Human Cytotrophoblast Proliferation, Differentiation, and Invasion: Implications for Endovascular Invasion in Normal Pregnancy and Preeclampsia.- 5. Embryo-Maternal Interactions after Diapause in a Marsupial.- 6. Cellular Interactions and the Cysteine Proteinases in the Process of Mouse Implantation.- III. Hormonal Regulation.- 7. Novel Steroid-Regulated Markers of Implantation.- 8. Molecular Signaling in Implantation.- 9. Identification of Progesterone-Regulated Genes in the Uterus.- IV. Molecular Markers of Receptivity.- 10. Mucins Provide a Barrier to Embryo Implantation.- 11. Potential Involvement of Trophinin, Bystin, and Tastin in Embryo Implantation.- 12. Osteopontin in Human Endometrium: A Role in Endometrial Receptivity and Embryo Implantation?.- V. Trophoblast Factors.- 13. The Rabbit as a Model for Implantation: In Vivo and In Vitro Studies.- 14. Regulation of Trophoblast Endocrine Function: The Placenta Does Its Own Thing Transcriptionally.- 15. Transcription Factors Regulating the Differentiation of the Trophoblast Cell Lineage.- VI. Primate Models and Human Studies.- 16. Hormonal Regulation of Endometrial Gene Expression in the Rhesus Monkey.- 17. Embryo-Maternal Dialogue in the Baboon (Papio Anubis).- 18. Integrins and Uterine Receptivity.- 19. Keratinocyte Growth Factor in the Nonhuman Primate Endometrium: Regulation and Action.- 20. Molecular Lesions in Infertility.- VII. Transcriptional Regulation of Fetal-Maternal Recognition.- 21. The Role of Abdominal B (AbdB) Hoxa Genes During Implantation.- 22. Possible Role of the Transcription Factor Oct-3/4 in Control of Human Chorionic Gonadotropin Expression.- 23. Molecular Mechanisms Regulating Uterine Decidualization and Implantation: Cell-Cell and Cell-Extracellular Matrix Interactions.- 24. Regulation of Hormone Receptor Gene Expression in Endometrium.- Author Index.