Main description:

J.J. Broerse, Radiobiological Institute TNO, Rijswijk, The Netherlands, and T .J. MacVittie, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA. During the past decade, relatively few new studies have been initiated on the response of different species to high-dose, total-body irradia- tion. For information on the LDSO/30d (the dose which produces 50 percent lethality within 30 days), one is generally referred to the older literature (e. g., Bond, Fliedner and Archambeau, 1965). Compari- son of experimental data reveals considerable variations in LDSD values even after total-body irradiation with conventional X rays, ranging from 4 to 6 Gy in the monkey, 7.1 to 9 Gy in the rat and from 6.4 to 9 Gy in the mouse (see also Hall, 1978). Part of the discrepancy in the LDso values can possibly be attributed to inadequacies in the dosimetry procedures and exposure arrangements employed. As far as clinical experience is concerned, there is now an appreciable amount of information available about the effect of total- body irradiation as a conditioning treatment for bone marrow transplan- tation in patients suffering from leukaemia or aplastic anaemia.
The results from different centres, including the incidence of complications such as radiation pneumonitis, are considerably different. This can part I y be connected with the application of different radiation sched- ules: large single dose versus fractionated or protracted irradiation.

Contents:

Some practical aspects of dosimetry and dose specification for whole body irradiation.- Dose and cell-survival calculations in anthropomorphic phantoms.- Susceptibility to total body irradiation.- Acute lethality - the hemopoietic syndrome in different species.- Early radiation mortality and recovery in large animals and primates.- Acute lethality and radiosensitivity of the canine hemopoietic system to Cobalt-60 gamma and mixed neutron-gamma irradiation.- Surmary of the discussion on physical aspects and acute lethality in different species.- Survival patterns and hemopathological responses of dogs under continuous gamma irradiation.- Haematopoietic syndrome in pigs.- Occurrence of radiation syndromes in rodents and monkeys in dependence on dose rate and radiation quality.- The response of man to accidental irradiation.- Total body irradiation and LD50 in man.- Biological factors affecting the occurrence of radiation syndromes.- Surmary of discussions following presentations on marrow response and hemopoietic syndromes.- Surmary of round table discussion on response of different species.