Main description:

Since the discovery of X-rays, transmission imaging has been used extensively for a variety of fields, taking advantage of the high penetrating power of X-rays. However, because it uses X-ray absorption to generate image contrast, X-ray transmission imaging has a drawback that its sensitivity is poor to weakly absorbing objects consisting mainly of light elements, such as polymers and biological soft tissues. Since the 1990s, X-ray phase imaging, which relies on the measurement of the X-ray phase shift (or X-ray refraction) caused by a sample, has attracted attention, because weakly absorbing objects could be imaged. Particularly in this decade, X-ray phase imaging based on grating optics has been studied actively thanks to its practical advantage that laboratory X- ray sources are usable, while other earlier techniques of X-ray phase imaging were developed and performed mainly in synchrotron radiation facilities. Therefore, grating-based X-ray phase imaging has attracted special attentions from the medical and industrial fields. Moreover, a similar technique is expanding to neutron phase imaging field for various other materials including metal.
This proceedings volume contains 47 papers presented at the first workshop held in Tokyo to provide an opportunity for discussion and to promote new collaborations in this rapidly growing field.

Contents:

Milestones and basic principles of grating-based x-ray and neutron phase-contrast imaging.- Multidirectional X-ray dark-field imaging with two-dimensional gratings.- Recent developments on X-ray phase contrast imaging technology at CSEM.- X-ray grating interferometry - Applications in metrology and wave front sensing.- Single-shot X-ray phase-contrast imaging using two-dimensional gratings.- Multi-lateral shearing interferometry: Principle and application to X-ray phase imaging.- High aspect ratio gratings for X-ray phase contrast imaging.- Fabrication of large area X-ray diffraction grating for X-ray phase imaging.- Towards nanometer period gratings for hard x-ray phase-contrast imaging.- Development of key devices of grating-based x-ray phase-contrast imaging technology at Shenzhen University.- X-ray phase imaging-From static observation to dynamic observation.- Simultaneous de-noising in phase contrast tomography.- Design aspects of X-ray grating interferometry.- X-ray vector radiography imaging for biomedical applications.- Development of the Talbot-Lau interferometry system available for clinical use.- Phase-contrast enhanced mammography: A new diagnostic tool for breast imaging.- Grating-based tomography of human tissues.- Visualization of neurons in the brain with phase-contrast CT.- "Edge illumination" in X-ray Phase Contrast Imaging.- Single grating x-ray imaging for dynamic biological systems.- Results from the first preclinical CT scanner with grating based phase contrast and a rotating gantry.