Main description:

Since its discovery as the cause of infectious mononucleosis in 1964, the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) has been etiologically implicated in an increasing number of human diseases. Generally considered the first human oncogenic virus because of a number of studies linking it with Burkitt's lymphoma and nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), as well as its documented oncogenicity in nonhuman primates, EBVhas served as a model for identifying subsequent candidate oncogenic viruses and the stimulus for Evans' revision of the Henle-Koch postulates to accommodate the problems in proving viral oncogenicity in humans. Research on the role of EBV in human cancer was particularly en hanced (a) by the pioneering work of Werner and Gertrude Henle, and (b) by the coordinated efforts of the Special Virus Leukemia Program and its successors, the Special Virus Cancer Program and the Virus Cancer Program of the National Cancer Institute (NCI). Initiated by Dr. Frank J. Rauscher, who subsequently became director of the Ncr and is now Vice-President of the American Cancer Society, and expanded by Dr. John B. Moloney, whose contributions to cancer research were honored at this Second International Symposium on EBV and Associated Malignant Diseases, these NCI contract-sup ported programs brought together investigators from all over the world to participate in a joint effort to unravel the mystery of EBV behavior and pathogenicity. It was these programs that gave us the opportunity to work with such outstanding people as Professor Yohei Ito, to whom this book is dedicated.

Contents:

I. Clinical Features of EBV-Associated Diseases.- Epstein-Barr Virus-Associated Lymphoid and Epithelial Lesions Occurring in the Life Cycle.- Anti-EBV Titers and the Application of a Prognostic Score to North American Patients with Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma.- Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma in Yugoslavia: Geographical Distribution, Clinical, Pathological, and Virological Data.- A Preliminary Analysis of HLA Studies on Multiple NPC Cases Among Siblings from the People's Republic of China, Hong Kong, Singapore, and Malaysia.- Prognostic Significance of Serial EBV Antibody Titers in Treated Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Patients.- EBV-Associated Antibodies and Other Antibodies in Nasopharyngeal Cancer Patients Before and After Radiotherapy.- IgA/EA: Prognostic Marker for Relapse Among NPC Patients with Complete Remission After Radiotherapy.- Epstein-Barr Virus Infection in Families with a Childhood Index Case of Infectious Mononucleosis.- Antibodies to EBV-Specific Enzymes in the Chronic EBV Syndrome.- Presence of Monoclonal and Oligoclonal B-Cell Proliferation in Fatal Infectious Mononucleosis.- Comparison of EBV Serological Reactivities Between Two Groups of NPC Patients Surviving More Than 7 Years or Dead 2 Years After Diagnosis.- Application of EBV-Serology to the Clinical Monitoring of Patients with Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma.- A Prospective Study of Antibodies to Epstein-Barr Virus DNase and Viral Capsid Antigen (IgA) in the Prognosis of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma.- Anti-EBV DNase Antibody as a Marker for Prospective Study of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma.- HLA -A, -B, and -DR Antigens in North African Patients with Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma.- Autoantibodies Against the Epstein-Barr Virus Receptor (EBVR), in Sera from Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients.- II. New Developments in Clinical Studies of EBV-Associated Diseases.- Evidence for Association of Epstein-Barr Virus with Malignant Lymphoepithelial Lesion of Salivary Gland.- Cancer Risks and EBV Antibody Patterns in NPC Families.- EBV Related B-Cell Lymphoproliferative Disease After T Depleted Mismatched Bone Marrow Transplantation.- T-Cell Lymphomas in Patients with Chronic EBV Infection.- Morbidity of Epstein-Barr Virus Infection in Children.- Chronic Active Epstein-Barr Virus Infection in Children: Heterogeneity in Immune Defects and EBNA-Antibody Pattern.- P3HR-1-Like Nontransforming Virus in Saliva and Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes in Chronic Active EBV Infection.- Development of Two Monoclonal B-Cell Lymphomas in a Patient with Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome.- Detection of Epstein-Barr Virus DNA in Saliva of Patients with AIDS and Related Disorders.- Detection in Normal Tonsils of a Novel B-Lymphocyte Population with a Burkitt-Like Phenotype.- Epstein-Barr Virus in the Lower Respiratory Tract.- Semiquantitative Analysis of Oropharyngeal EBV Shedding in Various Populations by Dot Blot Hybidization.- Prevalence of EBV in Household Contacts of Patients with Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma.- Changes in Lymphocyte Populations in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma (NPC) Following Primary Radiotherapy with Subsequent a2-Interferon (IFN)-Therapy.- Some Questions Raised by Studies on Greenland Eskimos.- III. EBV DNA and Gene Expression.- Effects of S-Adenosylhomocysteine and Analogs on Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV)-Induced Transformation, EBV DNA Methylation, and Gene Expression.- Mapping EBV Early Antigens in Human Cells After Microinjection of Subgenomic DNA Clones.- Regulation of EBV Lytic Cycle Genes: Ms-Ea, A Trans-Activator of Gene Expression.- An EBV Early Promoter is Activated by Two Viral Encoded Transacting Factors EB1 and EB2.- Regulation of EBV Promoters.- Induction of Epstein-Barr Virus Genes in Raji Cells by 12-0-Tetradecanoyl Phorbol-13-Acetate Requires Ongoing Protein Synthesis.- Gene Expression in the BamHI E Region of EBV: A Brief Communication.- Development of a Set of EBV-Specific Antigens with Recombinant Gene Technology for Diagnosis of EBV-Related Malignant or Nonmalignant Diseases.- Detection of EBV DNA in Nude Mouse-Passaged Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma (NPC) Tissues.- Detection of Epstein-Barr Virus DNA in Nasopharyngeal Biopsies.- Plasmid Stabilization in Drosophila Cells Expressing EBNA1.- Identification and Characterization of Early Genes Involved in Epstein-Barr Virus Replication.- IV. EBV Proteins and Their Function.- Disruption of Latency by a Fragment of Rearranged EBV DNA: Evidence for Host Cell Regulation.- Variation in Epstein-Barr Virus Strains.- Identification and Characterization of Regulatory Proteins of EBV.- Characterization of the EBV Thymidine Kinase.- Characterization of an Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) Membrane Antigen (56-62 kd) by a Monoclonal Antibody Which Revealed Some Antigenic Differences Among EBV Producer Cell Lines.- Epstein-Barr Virus Protein (LMP) Expression is Enhanced by Serum, TP A, or Butyrate.- Use of Synthetic Oligopeptides for the Identification and Characterization of Epstein-Barr Viral Membrane Proteins.- Phenotypic Characterization of C15, a Nude Mouse-Grown.- EBNA-1 Binds Specifically to Plasmids Containing a Synthetic 29 BP Binding Site.- Expression of the C-Terminal Part of an EBNA-2 Variant (2B) and Generation of Specific Sera.- Characterization of a Major EA-D Component of the EBV-Induced EA Complex.- Two Monoclonal Antibodies Against Epstein-Barr Virus Proteins.- Expression of the EBV-Encoded Membrane Protein (LMP) in Virally Transformed Cells.- Identification of EBV-Induced Polypeptides with Sera from Patients with SLE, RA, or IM.- Computerized Chou-Fasman Secondary Structure Analysis of EBV-Coded Membrane-Bound Proteins.- Cross Reactivity Between EBV and Herpes Simplex Virus.- V. Biological Aspects of EBV'Infections.- Biological Aspects of Epstein-Barr Virus-Induced B-Cell Immortalization.- Comparison of Interleukin-1 with Endogenous B-Cell Factors for Effects on Lymphoma Cell Growth After EBV Conversion.- A Nude Mouse-Grown NPC Tumor Produces Interleukin-1.- Autoantibody Production by Human B Lymphocytes Which Spontaneously Proliferate.- Distribution of Epstein-Barr Virus Strains with Different EBNA 2 Genotypes in Burkitt-Endemic Areas.- Biological Properties of Epstein-Barr Virus Recovered from Epithelial Cells Transfected with DNA Prepared from a Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma-Derived EBV.- Characterization of the Suppressor Effect of B-95-8 Virus On EA Inducing Capability of P3HR-1 Virus.- Epstein-Barr Virus Genome Activation in Latently Infected Cells by Calcium Ionophores.- Effects of Non-Ionizing Radiation on EBV Non-Producing Cells.- Cytofluorometric Study of Epstein-Barr Virus Receptor Expression on Human T Lymphocyte Populations.- Isolation of a Normal B-Cell Subset with a Burkitt-Like Pheno-type and Examination of Its Interaction with EB Virus.- Superinfecting Activity of the B95-8 Isolate of Epstein-Barr Virus.- Polyclonal Activation of B Lymphocytes After EB Virus Infection.- VI. Immunology of EBV.- Cellular Controls Over EBV Infection.- HLA-Antigens and Cell-Mediated Immunity to EBV.- Interleukins and Interferons During EBV Infection.- Primary Killer-Cell Defect in Patients with Chronic Active Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) Infection and Acquired Hyper IgG1.- Lymphatic Tissue Response to Persistent Active Virus Infections in Immune Deficiency.- A Reevaluation of EBV-Specific T Cell-Mediated Immunity in Malaria-Endemic and Non-Endemic Regions of Papua, New Guinea.- Synergism Between Epstein-Barr Virus and B-Cell Growth Factor.- Monocytes and a Monocyte Product Regulate Epstein-Barr Virus-Induced B-Cell Activation.- Inhibition of Interleukin-2 Synthesis by Infectious Mononucleosis-Associated IgG Blocking Factor.- Induction of Nonspecific Suppressor Cells by Different Epstein-Barr Virus Antigens.- Stimulation of EB Virus-Specific Helper T Cells by Burkitt's Lymphoma and Lymphoblastoid Cell Lines.- Raji Cells Release Soluble Factors Which Modulate NK Activity of Human Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes.- Frequencies of Reactive Cells to Autologous Lymphoblastoid Cells in Males with X-Linked Lymphoproliferative Syndrome.- Autoantibody Generation During Infectious Mononucleosis.- Epstein-Barr Virus Serology: Specificities of Sera Against EBNA 1 and EBNA 2.- X-Linked Lymphoproliferative Patient Antibody Response to a Synthetic Peptide of Epstein-Barr Nuclear Antigen.- Differential Expression of EB-Viral and Cellular Surface Markers on Burkitt Lymphoma and Lymphoblastoid Cell Lines.- VII. Cofactors Associated with EBV Infections.- Role of Co-Factors in the Etiology of EBV-Related Diseases.- EBV DNA Structure and Oncogene Expression in EBV-Associated Malignancies.- NIH 3T3 Cell Transformation by DNAs from Lymphoma Cells and from Epstein-Barr Virus-Immortalized Human Lymphocytes.- Volatile Nitrosamines in Food Samples Collected in Three High Risk Areas for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma.- Induction of Epstein-Barr Virus in Raji Cells by Plasmodium falciparum and by Normal Red Blood Cells.- An Environmental Plant Factor Enhancing Epstein-Barr Virus-Induced Events in East Africas.- Chemical Carcinogen Enhancement of Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV)-Induced Transformation: Association with EBV Genome Amplification.- Geopathological Coincidence of Burkitt's Lymphoma and Endemic Kaposi's Sarcoma in Western Kenya.- Model Studies Related to Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma.- Chronic HTLV-III Infection in EBV-Genome Containing B-Cell Lines.- VIII. Control of EBV Infections.- Preparation of an EBV Vaccine to Prevent Oncogenesis: An Update.- Antigenic Analysis of the EBV Major Membrane Protein (gp350/gp220) Expressed in Yeast and Mammalian Cells.- Expression and Analysis of EBV gp350 in the Yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae.- Expression of the Major Envelope Glycoprotein gp350/220 of Epstein-Barr Virus by a Recombinant Varicella Zoster Virus.- Secretion of the Two Major Epstein-Barr Viral Glycoproteins (gp250/350) from Recombinant Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells.- Post-Radiotherapy Adjuvant Chemotherapy of Regionally Advanced UNPC: Increase in Disease Free Survival.- Inhibition of Epstein-Barr Virus Replication by 1-? -D-Arabino-furanosyl-E-5-(2-BROMOVINYL) Uracil In Vitro.- EBV-Specific Transfer Factor in the Treatment of Abdominal Burkitt's Lymphoma in Ghana, West Africa.- Circulating Interferon in EBV Infections.- Inhibition of Epstein-Barr Virus Release by Anti-Ma Antibody.- Role of CD8+ and CD8- Cytolytic Effectors in IL2 Reversal of Cyclosporin-Inhibited EBV-B-Cell Cytotoxicity.- Rationale for Intravenous Gamma-Globulin Therapy of Persistent Lymphotropic Viral Infections.- List of Participants.