Main description:

This book is a supplement to Volume V/I in the present series, Diag- nostie Radiology, published in 1962. Despite the relatively long period of time whieh has elapsed sinee its publieation, that eomprehensive vol- urne is still essentially valid, even though further developments have of course oeeurred in eertain fields. In reeent years the developments in nuclear medieine and ultrasonie teehniques have led to a number of new methods of medieal investigation, whieh, in different ways, eomplement diagnostie radiology. Funetional disorders of the urinary traet ean often be detected by means of radioiso- topes. Sinee morphologie ehanges are almost always preeeeded by fune- tional disturbanees, radionuclide teehniques in many instanees produee an earlier diagnosis than radiography. Disturbances of renal blood flow, slight ureterie obstruetion, and ureterie reflux are examples of pathologie states whieh ean be deteeted early by the y scintillation eamera. Bone seans, Le., imaging of the skeletal system using a radionuclide, are used extensively to diagnose bone metastases now that it has been demonstrated that such metastatie growths are identified both earlier and with greater aeeuraey by scintigraphy than by radiographie teeh- niques.

Contents:

Radionuclides in Urology.- A. Introduction.- B. Renal Clearances.- C. Renal Function Studies with External Scintillation Probe.- D. Renal and Urinary Tract Function Utilizing a Gamma Scintillation Camera.- E. Renal Failure.- F. Hydronephrosis.- G. Renal Hypertension.- H. Renal Transplantation.- J. Radionuclides in the Pediatric Patient.- K. Radionuclides in Bladder Pathology Including Vesicoureteral Reflux.- Vesicoureteral Reflux.- L. Renal Tumors.- M. Injuries.- N. Miscellaneous Subjects.- I. Testes.- II. Prostate.- III. Adrenals.- IV. Bone.- V. Lungs.- VI. Thrombophlebitis.- References.- Urological Ultrasonography.- A. Introduction.- B. Basic Principles.- I. Physics.- II. A-Mode Display.- III. B-Mode and Gray Scale.- C. Method of Examination.- D. Normal Anatomy.- I. Kidney-Transverse Anatomy.- II. Kidney-Sagittal Anatomy.- III. Bladder.- E. Clinical Applications.- IV. Perirenal Masses.- 1. Cysts.- 2. Percutaneous Cyst Puncture.- 3. Complex or Solid Masses.- II. Renal Biopsy.- III. Perirenal Fluid Collections.- IV. Perirenal Masses.- V. Hydronephrosis.- VI. Renal Transplants.- VII. Urinary Bladder.- 1. Bladder Volumes.- 2. Bladder Tumors.- 3. Prostatic Scanning.- Summary.- References.- Percutaneous Puncture Nephostromy.- A. Introduction.- B. Operative Nephrostomy.- C. Percutaneous Puncture of the Renal Pelvis.- D. The Principle of Percutaneous Puncture Nephrostomy.- I. Instruments.- II. Anesthesia.- III. The Technique of Percutaneous Puncture Nephrostomy.- 1. Puncture and Introduction of a Polyethylene Tube Into the Renal Pelvis.- 2. Dilatation of the Nephrostomy Canal.- 3. Insertion of Foley-Type Catheter.- 4. Inflation of the Balloon.- IV. Duration of Catheter Drainage.- V. Accidental Extrusion of a Tube.- VI. Accidental Extrusion of a Foley Catheter.- VII. Permanent Nephrostomy.- E. General Aspects on the Indications for Puncture Nephrostomy.- I. Unilateral Obstruction With Normal Contralateral Kidney.- II. Ureteric Obstruction in a Solitary Kidney or With Malfunction of the Contralateral Kidney.- III. Bilateral Ureteric Obstruction.- F. Special Indications for Nephrostomy.- I. Operative Damage to a Ureter.- II. The Ureter Blocked by a Calculus.- III. Ureteric Stricture Following Urogenital Tuberculosis.- IV. Retroperitoneal Fibrosis.- V. Ureteric Obstruction in Malignant Disease.- VI. The Contracted Bladder With Necrosis and Fistula Formation.- VII. Postoperative Complications Following Urinary Diversion.- G. Ureteric Obstruction Complicated by Infection.- H. Removal of Renal Calculi by Percutaneous Renal Puncture.- J. Complications of Puncture Nephrostomy.- I. Hemorrhage.- II. Pain.- III. Infection.- IV. Accidental Penetration of Nonrenal Organs.- V. Inadequate Drainage.- VI. Disturbances of Renal Function.- References.- Author Index.