Main description:

Human schistosomiasis is a disease with a rich and well-documented past, and every expectation of an unfortunately long future. These infections were known to the ancient Egyptians and their transmission shows little evidence of slowing down, globally. The good news is that field applicable, and increasingly affordable, chemotherapy has been available for almost 25 years. Using chemotherapy and other means of control, some countries have decreased transmission and made excellent headway against morbidity. The bad news is that the public health problems caused by schistosomiasis are still with us, with the estimated number of cases of schistosomiasis, while shifting geographically, remaining approximately 200 million for the last 30 years. In fact, with the development of field usable ultrasound technology and meta-analyses performed on existing data, there is a new appreciation for the extent of non-lethal morbidity associated with these infections. While the percentage of individuals with severe hepatosplenic disease remains below 10%, recent reassessments of morbidity associated with schistosomiasis indicate that the prevelance of symptoms and the cost in diability-adjusted life years is much greater than was previously, commonly appreciated (Van der Werf, M. J. , et al. 2003, Acta Tropica 86:125-139; Charles H. King, personnel communication). Strong impetus for addressing these issues is provided by the World Health Assembly's recently passed Resolution 54. 19, which calls for efforts to reduce morbidity caused by schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminths in school-aged children, largely through chemotherapy campaigns.

Contents:

Schistosomes and Their Snail Hosts.- Schistosome Retrotransposons.- Gender-specific Biology of Schistosoma mansoni.- Schistosoma Genomics.- Vaccine Development.- The Surface of Schistosomes within the Vertebrate Host.- The Application of DNA Microarrays in the Functional Genomic Study of Schistosome/Host Biology.- The Initiation of Host Immune Responses to Schistosome Egg Antigens.- Immunopathology in Experimental Schistosomiasis.- Immunological and other Factors Affecting Hepatosplenic Schistosomiasis mansoni in Man.- Pathways to Improved, Sustainable Morbidity Control and Prevention of Schistosomiasis in the People's Republic of China.- Host Genetics and Schistosomiasis.- Current and Future Anti-schistosomal Drugs.- Pubic Health Strategies for Schistosomiasis Control.- Schistosomiasis: Are We Ready for a Coordinated Research and Public Health Agenda?- Index.