Main description:

Wheat (Triticum L.) is an annual herbaceous plant in the Poacae (Gramineae) family and settles in the Triticeae (Hordeae) subfamily. It is of great ethnobotanical importance. Other cereal crops such as maize, rice, barley, and millet are also domesticated from this family. Together they constitute the most economically important plant family in modern times, providing food, forage, building materials (bamboo, thatch), and fuel (ethanol) to support a diverse range of human activities. In recent years, however, due to the awareness of gluten in wheat-based diet, there has been a rise in interest in its wild relatives and landraces as new resources for consumption. Accordingly, crop scientists have also begun to reexamine the origin, evolution, and unique characteristics of cultured and non-cultured hulled wheats. Although hulled wheats, which include einkorn, emmer, wild emmer, spelta, macha, and vavilovii, are still grown in limited quantities on the higher areas of Turkey, Italy, Germany, Morocco, Israel, and Balkan countries, they have been sought after for their health promoting effects. However, despite the newfound popularity of hulled wheats in the lay communities, there lacks a critically reviewed resource for the researchers and professionals who wish to further develop these crop species.

In this book, we provide an overview of hulled wheats with special attention to genetic diversities, conservation, and applications.

Contents:

1. INTRODUCTION (Ahmad Amri, Director, ICARDA) 1.1.Global importance

1.2.Uses

2. DOMESTICATION of HULLED WHEAT (OEzlem OEzbek, Nusret Zencirci)

2.1.Introduction

2.2.Cytogenetic and Taxonomic Background

2.3.The Domestication Geography of Hulled Wheats

2.4.Wheat Landraces (Emmer and Einkorn wheats)

2.4.1. Wheat Landraces Cultivation

2.4.2. Quality Characteristics of Landraces

2.4.3. Disease Resistance of Wheat Landraces

2.4.4. Variations in Adaptation of Wheat Landraces

2.5.Conventional and Alternative Wheat Production Systems

2.6.Einkorn Wheat Breeding

2.7.Emmer Wheat Breeding

2.8.Spelt Wheat Breeding

2.9.Agronomical Performance and Breeding Value of Diploid Wheat, T. monococcum

3. TAXONOMY, EVOLUTION, DISTRIBUTION and ORIGIN (S.B. Faheem, Husnu Aktas, Awais Rasheed, CIMMYT, CHINA)

3.1.Taxonomy

3.2.Evolution

3.3.Distribution

3.4.Origin

4. EVALUATION of GENETIC DIVERSITY and ITS UTILIZATION (OEzlem OEzbek)

4.1 Evaluation of Genetic Diversity in Hulled Wheat Germplasm Using

4.1.1. Molecular markers

4.1.2. Biochemical markers

4.2 Dimension of Diversity

4.3 Variation in Quality Traits

4.4 The Status of The Maintenance and Use of Hulled Wheat Genetic Diversity

4.5 Importance of Hulled Wheat as a Genetic Resource for Improvement of Cultivated Wheats and the Need to Restore Diversity

5. CONSERVATION STRATEGIES (Hakan Ulukan, Nusret Zencirci, Ahmad Amri)

5.1 In situ Conservation

5.2 Ex situ Conservation

5.3 Agrobiodiversity Conservation

5.4 Conservation and Utilization of Wheat

5.5 On-Farm Dynamic Conservation of Hulled Wheat and Sustainable Utilization of Wheat Landraces

5.6 On-Farm Research Breeding and Selection of Wheat Landraces

5.7 Public and Community Seed Saving and Exchange Systems

5.8 Farmer's Evaluation and Conservation of Crop Genetic Resources

5.9 The Seed Gene Banks

6. SOCIOECONOMIC ASPECTS OF HULLED WHEAT (Turgay Sanal, Sevinc Karabak, Aliye Pehlivan, Asuman Kaplan Evlice)

6.1 Agronomic Practices and Socioeconomic Aspects of Hulled Wheat

6.2 The Quality of Various Products

6.3 Recipes Made with Hulled Wheat

7. TECHNOLOGICAL PROPERTIES and IMPORTANCE OF HULLED WHEAT FOR HUMAN HEALTH (P.K. Fatma, E.S. UEnlu, Yunus Sahin)

7.1 Chemical Composition and Pasting Properties of Einkorn (Triticum Monococcum ssp. monococcum) Whole Meal Flour

7.2 Seed Storage Proteins of Wild Wheat Progenitors and Their Relationships with Technological Properties

7.3 Are hulled wheats promising for chronic diseases?

8. FUTURE VALUE and POSSIBLE USAGE OF HULLED WHEAT (Nusret Zencirci, U. Hakan, OE. OEzlem, S.B. Faheem)

8.1 Hulled Wheat and The Future Wheat Diversity

8.2 Landraces and Future of Wheat Diversity

9. CONCLUSION (Ahmad Amri, Director, ICARDA)