Main description:

Containing chapter contributions from over 130 experts, this unique publication is the first handbook dedicated to the physics and technology of X-ray imaging, offering extensive coverage of the field. This highly comprehensive work is edited by one of the world's leading experts in X-ray imaging physics and technology and has been created with guidance from a Scientific Board containing respected and renowned scientists from around the world.

The book's scope includes 2D and 3D X-ray imaging techniques from soft-X-ray to megavoltage energies, including computed tomography, fluoroscopy, dental imaging and small animal imaging, with several chapters dedicated to breast imaging techniques. 2D and 3D industrial imaging is incorporated, including imaging of artworks. Specific attention is dedicated to techniques of phase contrast X-ray imaging.

The approach undertaken is one that illustrates the theory as well as the techniques and the devices routinely used in the various fields. Computational aspects are fully covered, including 3D reconstruction algorithms, hard/software phantoms, and computer-aided diagnosis. Theories of image quality are fully illustrated. Historical, radioprotection, radiation dosimetry, quality assurance and educational aspects are also covered.

This handbook will be suitable for a very broad audience, including graduate students in medical physics and biomedical engineering; medical physics residents; radiographers; physicists and engineers in the field of imaging and non-destructive industrial testing using X-rays; and scientists interested in understanding and using X-ray imaging techniques.

The handbook's editor, Dr. Paolo Russo, has over 30 years' experience in the academic teaching of medical physics and X-ray imaging research. He has authored several book chapters in the field of X-ray imaging, is Editor-in-Chief of an international scientific journal in medical physics, and has responsibilities in the publication committees of international scientific organizations in medical physics.

Features:

Comprehensive coverage of the use of X-rays both in medical radiology and industrial testing
The first handbook published to be dedicated to the physics and technology of X-rays
Handbook edited by world authority, with contributions from experts in each field

Contents:

Basic physical and technological aspects. Basic physics of X-ray interactions in matter. Xray tube physics and technology. X-ray generators. Carbon Nanotube Based Field Emission X-ray Technology. Technology of Miniature X-Ray Tubes. Technology of pyroelectric X-ray tubes. History of X-Ray Tubes. Synchrotron radiation x-ray sources for radiography and tomography. X-ray shutters. Calculation of x-ray spectra. Radiochromic film dosimetry for radiology. Computed Radiography. Photon Counting Detectors for X-ray imaging. Image Quality. Image quality in attenuation based and phase contrast based X-ray imaging. Inverse Compton Scattering X-ray sources. X-ray Radiography and Fluoroscopy. Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen - The discovery of X-rays and the creation of a new medical profession. History of Radiology. Digital Mammography. Digital Breast Tomosynthesis. Fluoroscopy: physics and technology. Dental radiography. Clinical mammographic and tomosynthesis units. Physical image quality evaluation of x-ray detectors for digital radiography and mammography. Mammography, breast tomosynthesis and risk of radiation-induced breast cancer. Clinical radiographic units. Clinical Fluoroscopy units. Physical Basis of X-ray Breast Imaging. Radiation dose in X-ray mammography and digital breast tomosynthesis. Industrial Radiography. Forensic Radiology. X-ray Computed Tomography. X-ray Computed Tomography for diagnostic imaging - from single-slice to multi-slice. Analytical reconstruction methods in X-ray CT. Iterative reconstruction methods in X-ray CT. Historical image gallery. X-ray Cone-Beam Computed Tomography. Small Animal X-ray Computed Tomography. Quality Assurance of X-ray Computer Tomography. Radiation Dose in X-ray Computed Tomography. Dual energy X-ray computed tomography. Soft x-ray tomography: techniques and applications. 4-D X-ray Computed Tomography. Dental and Maxillofacial Cone Beam Computed Tomography. High Speed X-ray computed tomography. Kilovoltage and Megavoltage Imaging in Radiotherapy. Industrial X-ray computed tomography. Industrial X-ray computed tomography scanners. Dimensional metrology for industrial Computed Tomography. Influence of scatter in X-ray imaging and scatter correction methods for industrial applications. Phase-contrast X-ray imaging and other aspects. Theory of X-ray phase-contrast imaging. Non-interferometric techniques for X-ray phase-contrast biomedical imaging. X-ray phase-contrast mammography. X-ray phase contrast tomosynthesis imaging. Crystal analyser-based X-ray Phase Contrast Imaging. X-Ray scattering: analytical applications and imaging. Tissue Substitute Materials for Diagnostic X-ray Imaging. Phantoms for image quality and dose assessment. Software phantoms for X-ray radiography and tomography. Radiography and Computed Tomography for Works of Art. Computer Aided Diagnosis for X-ray imaging. Computer analysis of mammograms. Databases for mammography. Computer analysis of CT images for lung nodule detection. Display Optimization & Human Factors. Display for Medical Imaging and DICOM Grayscale Standard Display Function Fundamentals. Quality Control of Medical Imaging Displays. Radiation protection issues in X-ray radiology, fluoroscopy and computed tomography. Educational aspects in radiography physics and technology. Chapter 68: Tables of X-rays mass attenuation coefficients, of K and L-energy, of K, L, and M fluorescence yield, of K /K , L /L , and L /L Ratios