Main description:

This is the first book on non-equilibrium thermodynamics. It covers a gap that has been left by the treatment of separation processes using classical thermodynamics. Because separation phenomena are dynamic processes, classical thermodynamics may not describe the true phenomena occurring in a particular separation media; rather a flux of entropy will bring the system out of the classical equilibrium and, as a consequence, different rules should apply - non-equilibrium thermodynamics. This book offers a different look at the theory of separation.

Contents:

Introduction. Related Concepts and Principles in Intersecting Sciences. Non-Equilibrium Thermodynamics. Local Thermodynamic Equilibrium Assumption. Onsager Reciprocal Relations. Entropy Balance Equation. Irreversibility in Separation Processes. Eulerian and Lagrangian Description. Time-Variant System. Markovian Representations. Operator Splitting. Finite-Difference Time-Domain. State Space Representation. the Nature of Non-Equilibrium Thermodynamics of Separation Science. Co-Existence of Clausius's Heat Death and Darwin's Evolutionism in Separation Processes. Entropy Nature of Separation with a Simple Model. Integral Optimizing Functional of Separation Efficiency. the Framework of Non-Equilibrium Thermodynamic Separation Theory. Non-Equilibrium Thermodynamic Separation Theory in Capillary Electrophoresis. Time-Varying Migration in Mnb on Immobilized Ph Gradient Strips. Recursion Equations for Naoh-Ipg-Mnb System. Recursion Equation for Ipg-Mnb Migration in Weak Base Buffer. Recursion Equations in Predicting Band Width Under Gradient Elution. Lagrangian Description in Nonlinear Chromatography. Local Lagrangian Approach (Lla). Lagrangian Coordinates. the Virtual Thermodynamic Path of Nonlinear Nonideal Chromatography. Local Lagrangian Approach for Nonlinear Equilibrium-Dispersive Processes. Markov Chains of Chromatography Processes. Thermodynamic Paths. Local Thermodynamic Path of Non-Ideal Nonlinear Chromatography. Boundary Conditions and Space-Time Distribution Transfers. the 0-1 Model in Nonlinear Transport Chromatography. Physical Descriptions of Whole Nonlinear Chromatographic Processes. Local Thermodynamic Path of Nonlinear Transport Chromatography. Stability and Convergence. Inter-Phase Mass Transfer Coefficients. Injection Sample Concentrations. Space-Time Distribution Translations. Localized Single Molecule Isotherms on Confined Liquid-Solid Interfaces. Single Molecule Imaging and Lagrangian Coordinates. Localized Single Molecule Isotherms at Confined Liquid-Solid Interfaces. the 0-1 Model-Inverse Method in Reversed-Phase Liquid Chromatography. Estimation of Thermodynamic and Dynamic Parameters for Single-Component. Estimation of the Parameters of Bi-Langmuir Isotherm. Estimation of the Lumped Mass Transfer Coefficients of Two-Components. Thermodynamic State Recursion Method for Frontal Analysis Chromatographic Processes. the Feedback Control of the Time-Variant Non-Ideal Non-Linear Chromatographic System. the 0-1 Model for Varicol Processes of Multicolumn Continuous Chromatography (Mcc). Thermodynamic State Variables in the Varicol Processes. the 0-1 Model for Varicol Processes of Mcc. the Simulation Software for Mcc Based on the 0-1 Model. Reflection. Acknowledgments. References.