Main description:

"The book offers a quick 'cram' approach to the NCLEX that is very user-friendly and not time-intensive. The overall approach is very learner-centered and the content is well-paced."-Catherine Dearman, R.N., Ph.D. * Covers exactly what you need to know to score higher on your NCLEX-RN(R) exam * 545 sample test questions help you gain confidence and decide when you're ready to take the actual exam * Includes the popular Cram Sheet tearcard to help you remember key concepts and do extra last-minute studying * Exam Alerts identify important information found on the exam * Simplifies key medication aide concepts and techniques for easy learning Covers the critical information you'll need to know to score higher on your NCLEX-RN exam!
* Discover how the NCLEX-RN exam works, and how best to prepare for it * Understand essential disease processes, treatments, and diagnostic studies * Care for clients with respiratory, genitourinary, hematopoietic, gastrointestinal, musculoskeletal, endocrine, cardiovascular, neurological, and many other disorders * Serve maternal, infant, and pediatric clients * Provide compassionate and effective emergency and psychiatric care * Consider cultural, religious, and legal concerns associated with client care * Review all stages of the nursing process: assessment, diagnosis, planning, implementation, and evaluation * Address client needs for a safe, effective-care environment; health promotion and maintenance; and psychosocial and physiological integrity Pearson IT Certification Practice Test The CD features the innovative Pearson IT Certification practice test, giving you an effective tool to assess your readiness for the NCLEX-RN exam.

Contents:

Introduction ... 1 Welcome to the NCLEX-RN(R) Exam Cram ... 1 Taking the Computerized Adaptive Test ... 2 The Cost of the Exam ... 2 How to Prepare for the Exam ... 2 How to Use This Book... 3 About the Book ... 4 Contact the Authors ... 5 Self-Assessment ... 5 Testing Your Exam Readiness ... 6 Chapter 1: Preparing for the National Council Exam for Registered Nurses . . 7 Preparing for the Exam ... 8 The CAT Exam ... 8 Testing Strategies... 9 Read the Question Carefully ... 10 Look for Keywords ... 10 Watch for Specific Details ... 10 Eliminate Options That Are Clearly Wrong or Incorrect . . 11 Look for Similar Options ... 11 Look for Opposite Answers ... 12 Remember Legalities ... 12 Remember Infection Control ... 12 Exam Prep Questions ... 13 Answer Rationales ... 15 Chapter 2: Pharmacology ... 17 Three Areas of Pharmacology ... 18 How Nurses Work with Pharmacology ... 19 Time-released Drugs ... 20 Administering Medications ... 21 The Seven Rights of Administering Medication. . 21 Understanding and Identifying the Various Drugs. . 22 Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors . . 22 Beta Adrenergic Blockers ... 23 Anti-Infectives (Aminoglycosides)... 25 Benzodiazepines (Anticonvulsants/Antianxiety) . . 26 Phenothiazines (Antipsychotic/Antiemetic). . 28 Glucocorticoids ... 29 Antivirals... 31 Cholesterol-Lowering Agents ... 32 Angiotensin Receptor Blockers ... 33 Histamine 2 Antagonists... 34 Proton Pump Inhibitors ... 36 Anticoagulants ... 37 More Drug Identification Helpers ... 38 Herbals ... 38 Drug Schedules ... 39 Pregnancy Categories for Drugs... 40 Exam Prep Questions ... 41 Answer Rationales ... 43 Chapter 3: Caring for the Client with Disorders of the Respiratory System . . 45 Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease... 46 Chronic Bronchitis ... 46 Emphysema ... 46 Asthma ... 47 Acute Respiratory Infections ... 47 Pneumonia ... 48 Pleurisy ... 49 Tuberculosis ... 50 Influenza ... 50 Acute Respiratory Failure... 51 Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome ... 51 Pulmonary Embolus ... 52 Emerging Infections ... 53 Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome... 53 Legionnaire's Disease ... 54 Diagnostic Tests for Review... 55 Pharmacology Categories for Review... 55 Exam Prep Questions ... 57 Answer Rationales ... 59 Suggested Readings and Resources... 60 Chapter 4: Caring for the Client with Disorders of the Genitourinary System . . 61 Acute Glomerulonephritis ... 62 Chronic Glomerulonephritis ... 63 End Stage Renal Disease ... 64 Peritoneal Dialysis... 64 Hemodialysis ... 64 Renal Transplantation... 65 Nephrotic Syndrome ... 65 Urinary Calculi ... 66 Urinary Tract Infections... 67 Genitourinary Disorders ... 67 Prostatitis ... 67 Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia ... 68 Bladder Cancer ... 69 Diagnostic Tests for Review... 70 Pharmacology Categories for Review... 70 Exam Prep Questions ... 72 Answer Rationales ... 74 Suggested Reading and Resources ... 75 Chapter 5: Caring for the Client with Disorders of the Hematopoietic System . . 77 Anemia ... 78 Pernicious Anemia... 78 Aplastic Anemia ... 79 Sickle Cell Anemia ... 80 Iron Deficiency Anemia ... 80 Cooley's Anemia (Thalassemia Major) ... 81 Hemophilia... 81 Polycythemia Vera... 82 Diagnostic Tests for Review... 83 Pharmacology for Review ... 83 Exam Prep Questions ... 84 Answer Rationales ... 86 Suggested Reading and Resources ... 87 Chapter 6: Caring for the Client with Disorders of Fluid and Electrolyte Balance and Acid/Base Balance... 89 Basic Knowledge of Fluid and Electrolyte Balance . . 90 Regulation of pH and Its Effect on Fluid and Electrolytes. . 91 How the Body Regulates pH ... 91 Metabolic Acidosis ... 91 Causes of Metabolic Acidosis... 91 Symptoms of Metabolic Acidosis ... 92 Care of the Client with Metabolic Acidosis. . 92 Respiratory Acidosis ... 93 Causes of Respiratory Acidosis ... 93 Symptoms of Respiratory Acidosis ... 94 Caring for the Client with Respiratory Acidosis. . 94 Metabolic Alkalosis ... 95 Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis ... 95 Symptoms of Metabolic Alkalosis ... 95 Caring for the Client with Metabolic Alkalosis. . 96 Respiratory Alkalosis... 96 Symptoms of Respiratory Alkalosis... 96 Care of the Client with Respiratory Alkalosis . . 97 Normal Electrolyte Values... 97 Changes Associated with Aging... 98 Exam Prep Questions ... 100 Answer Rationales ... 102 Suggested Reading and Resources ... 103 Chapter 7: Caring for the Client with Burns... 105 Burn Classifications... 106 Burn Measurement with TBSA... 108 Nursing Care for Burn Victims... 109 The Emergent Phase ... 110 The Intermediate Phase ... 113 Dressings for Burns... 114 The Rehabilitative Phase ... 115 Diagnostic Tests for Review... 116 Pharmacology Categories for Review... 116 Exam Prep Questions ... 117 Answer Rationales ... 119 Suggested Reading and Resources ... 120 Chapter 8: Caring for the Client with Sensorineural Disorders ... 121 Disorders of the Eyes ... 122 Intraocular Disorders ... 122 Retinal Disorders... 125 Refractive Errors ... 127 Traumatic Injuries ... 128 Visual Tests for Review... 129 Pharmacology Categories for Review... 129 Ear Disorders... 129 Otitis Externa... 130 Otitis Media ... 130 Meniere's Disease ... 130 Otosclerosis ... 131 Presbycusis ... 131 Ear Trauma... 132 Assisting Clients with Hearing Loss... 132 Diagnostic Tests for Review... 132 Pharmacology Categories for Review... 133 Exam Prep Questions ... 134 Answer Rationales ... 136 Suggested Reading and Resources ... 137 Chapter 9: Caring for the Client with Cancer... 139 Cancer... 140 American Cancer Society's Seven Warning Signs of Cancer . 140 The Four Major Categories of Cancer ... 140 Risk Factors for Specific Cancers ... 141 Cancer Prevention... 143 Patient Teaching ... 143 Management of the Client with Cancer... 143 Radiation... 144 Chemotherapy ... 145 Bone Marrow and Peripheral Stem Cell Transplantation (PSCT) . 147 Types of Transplants ... 148 Nursing Care After Transplantation... 148 Hodgkin's Lymphoma ... 149 Diagnosis of Hodgkin's Lymphoma ... 150 Prognosis of Hodgkin's Lymphoma ... 150 Treatment of Hodgkin's Lymphoma... 150 Diagnostic Tests for Review... 151 Pharmacology for Review ... 152 Exam Prep Questions ... 154 Answer Rationales ... 156 Suggested Reading and Resources ... 157 Chapter 10: Caring for the Client with Disorders of the Gastrointestinal System . . 159 Ulcers ... 160 Types of Ulcers ... 160 Treatment of Ulcers ... 161 Inflammatory Bowel Disorders ... 163 Crohn's Disease (Regional Enteritis) ... 163 Ulcerative Colitis... 164 Diverticulitis... 165 Diagnosis of Diverticulitis ... 165 Treatment of Diverticulitis... 166 Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) ... 166 Diseases Associated with the Liver ... 167 Hepatitis ... 167 Cirrhosis ... 172 Pancreatitis ... 174 Cholecystitis/Cholelithiasis ... 176 Symptoms of Cholecystitis and Cholelithiasis. . 176 Diagnosis of Cholecystitis/Cholethiasis ... 177 Treatment of Cholecystitis... 177 Treatment of Cholethiasis ... 177 Clostridium Difficile... 178 Food-Borne Illnesses ... 179 Diagnostic Tests for Review... 180 Pharmacology for Review ... 180 Exam Prep Questions ... 182 Answer Rationales ... 184 Suggested Reading and Resources ... 185 Chapter 11: Caring for the Client with Disorders of the Musculoskeletal System . . 187 Fractures... 188 Treating Fractures ... 188 Compartment Syndrome ... 191 Osteomyelitis ... 192 Osteoporosis... 193 Treatment of Osteoporosis... 194 Gout ... 195 Treatment of the Client with Gout... 195 Rheumatoid Arthritis ... 195 Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis ... 196 Musculoskeletal Surgical Procedures ... 197 Fractured Hip and Hip Replacement ... 197 Total Knee Replacement ... 198 Amputations ... 199 Assistive Devices for Ambulation ... 201 Crutches ... 201 Canes... 202 Walkers ... 202 Diagnostic Tests for Review... 203 Pharmacology for Review ... 203 Exam Prep Questions ... 205 Answer Rationales ... 207 Suggested Reading and Resources ... 208 Chapter 12: Caring for the Client with Disorders of the Endocrine System . . 209 The Endocrine System... 210 Pituitary Disorders ... 210 Tumors of the Pituitary ... 211 Thyroid Disorders ... 213 Hypothyroidism... 213 Hyperthyroidism ... 214 Parathyroid Disorders... 216 Hypoparathyroidism ... 216 Hyperparathyroidism ... 217 Adrenal Gland Disorders ... 218 Adrenocortical Insufficiency (Addison's Disease) . . 218 Adrenocortical Hypersecretion (Cushing's Syndrome) or Cushing's Disease... 219 Diabetes Mellitus... 219 Diagnostic Tests for Review... 223 Pharmacology Categories for Review... 223 Exam Prep Questions ... 224 Answer Rationales ... 226 Suggested Reading and Resources ... 227 Chapter 13: Caring for the Client with Disorders of the Cardiovascular System . . 229 Hypertension ... 230 Medications Used to Treat Hypertension . . 231 Heart Block ... 231 Toxicity to Medications ... 233 Malfunction of the Conduction System ... 233 Myocardial Infarction ... 234 Diagnosis of Myocardial Infarction ... 235 Management of Myocardial Infarction Clients . . 236 Inflammatory Diseases of the Heart... 239 Infective Endocarditis ... 239 Pericarditis ... 239 Buerger's Disease... 240 Thrombophlebitis ... 240 Raynaud's Syndrome... 241 Aneurysms ... 241 Congestive Heart Failure ... 242 Diagnostic Tests for Review... 242 Pharmacology Categories for Review... 243 Exam Prep Questions ... 244 Answer Rationales ... 246 Suggested Reading and Resources ... 247 Chapter 14: Caring for the Client with Disorders of the Neurological System . . 249 Seizures... 250 Types of Seizures ... 250 Treatment of Seizure Clients... 252 Status Epilepticus ... 253 Brain Injuries ... 253 Epidural Hematomas ... 254 Subdural Hematoma ... 254 Treatment of Epidural and Subdural Hematomas . . 254 Increased Intracranial Pressure ... 255 Treatment of ICP ... 257 Neurological Assessment ... 258 Cranial Nerve Assessment ... 258 Glasgow Coma Scale... 259 Intracranial Pressure Monitors ... 260 Care of the Client with Intracranial Surgery (Craniotomy) . . 260 Cerebrovascular Accident/Stroke ... 262 Spinal Cord Injury ... 263 Treatment of Spinal Cord Injuries ... 263 Potential Complications with SCI Clients. . 264 Guillain-Barre ... 265 Treating Clients with Guillian-Barre ... 266 Degenerative Neurological Disorders ... 266 Diagnostic Tests for Review... 267 Pharmacology for Review ... 267 Exam Prep Questions ... 269 Answer Rationales ... 271 Suggested Reading and Resources ... 272 Chapter 15: Caring for the Client with Psychiatric Disorders ... 273 Anxiety-Related Disorders ... 274 Generalized Anxiety Disorder ... 274 Post-traumatic Stress Disorder ... 275 Dissociative Identity Disorder ... 275 Somatoform Disorder... 276 Panic Disorder ... 276 Phobic Disorders ... 277 Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder ... 277 Personality Disorders ... 278 Cluster A... 278 Cluster B... 279 Cluster C ... 280 Managing Clients with Personality Disorders. . 281 Psychotic Disorders ... 282 Schizophrenia... 282 Bipolar Disorders ... 284 Substance Abuse ... 286 Alcoholism ... 286 Other Commonly Abused Substances ... 288 Disorders of Childhood and Adolescence ... 291 Conduct Disorder ... 291 Oppositional Defiant Disorder ... 291 Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder... 291 Autistic Disorder ... 292 Eating Disorders ... 293 Diagnostic Tests for Review... 293 Pharmacology Categories for Review... 294 Exam Prep Questions ... 295 Answer Rationales ... 297 Suggested Reading and Resources ... 298 Chapter 16: Caring for the Maternal/Infant Client... 299 Signs of Pregnancy ... 300 Presumptive Signs ... 300 Probable Signs ... 300 Positive Signs ... 301 Prenatal Care ... 301 Prenatal Diet and Weight Maintenance... 301 Alpha-Fetoprotein Screening... 301 Other Prenatal Diagnostic Tests ... 302 Assessing Fetal Heart Tones ... 303 Ultrasonography ... 303 Signs of Complications of Pregnancy... 303 Types of Abortions ... 304 Complications Affecting Pregnancy ... 305 Diabetes in Pregnancy ... 305 Preeclampsia... 306 Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation . . 307 Cord Prolapse ... 307 Abruptio Placenta ... 307 Placenta Previa... 307 Maternal Infections... 308 Preterm Labor ... 310 Intrapartal Care ... 311 Stages of Labor ... 311 Phases of Labor ... 312 Important Terms You Should Know... 312 Prelabor Testing ... 313 Fetal Monitoring ... 314 Pharmacologic Management of Labor... 316 Postpartum Care ... 317 Terms Associated with the Normal Newborn... 317 Rh Incompatibility ... 318 Contraception ... 319 Diagnostic Tests for Review... 320 Pharmacology Categories for Review... 321 Exam Prep Questions ... 322 Answer Rationales ... 324 Suggested Reading and Resources ... 325 Chapter 17: Caring for the Pediatric Client ... 327 Growth and Development ... 328 Infant (28 Days to 1 Year) ... 328 Toddler (1-3 Years) ... 330 Preschooler (3-5 Years) ... 331 School Age (6-12 Years) ... 332 Adolescence (12-18 Years) ... 333 Congenital Anomalies... 334 Anomalies of the Gastrointestinal System . . 334 Anomalies of the Musculoskeletal System . . 338 Anomalies of the Cardiovascular System . . 340 Inborn Errors of Metabolism ... 343 Respiratory Disorders... 344 Acute Otitis Media ... 345 Tonsillitis ... 346 Laryngotracheobronchitis ... 347 Acute Epiglottitis... 347 Bronchiolitis ... 348 Cystic Fibrosis (Mucoviscidosis) ... 349 Gastrointestinal Disorders ... 350 Gastroenteritis ... 350 Pyloric Stenosis ... 350 Intussusception ... 351 Celiac (Gluten-Induced Enteropathy, Celiac Sprue) . . 351 Cardiovascular Disorders ... 351 Rheumatic Fever ... 352 Kawasaki's Disease (Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome) . 353 Musculoskeletal Disorders ... 354 Scoliosis... 354 Legg-Calve-Perthes Disease (Coxa Plana) . . 355 Muscular Dystrophies... 355 Childhood Cancer... 356 Wilms Tumor (Nephroblastoma) ... 356 Leukemia ... 356 Osteogenic Sarcoma (Osteosarcoma) ... 357 Ingestion of Hazardous Substances ... 357 Salicylate Overdose ... 357 Acetaminophen (Tylenol) Overdose ... 357 Lead (Plumbism) ... 358 Iron Poisoning ... 358 Diagnostic Tests for Review... 359 Pharmacology Categories for Review... 359 Exam Prep Questions ... 360 Answer Rationales ... 362 Suggested Reading and Resources ... 363 Chapter 18: Emergency Nursing... 365 The ABCDs of Emergency Care ... 366 Airway ... 367 Breathing ... 367 Circulation ... 368 Deficits ... 369 Obtaining Client Information ... 369 Trauma ... 370 Head Injuries ... 370 Chest Injuries... 371 Abdominal Injuries ... 371 Documenting and Protecting Forensic Evidence . . 372 Poisoning ... 373 Poisonous Stings and Bites ... 374 Bioterrorism... 375 Chemical and Biological Agents ... 375 Nuclear Warfare ... 378 Triage Categories for Disaster Victims ... 379 Diagnostic Tests for Review... 379 Pharmacology Categories for Review... 380 Exam Prep Questions ... 381 Answer Rationales ... 383 Suggested Reading and Resources ... 384 Chapter 19: Cultural Practices Influencing Nursing Care... 385 Cultural Assessment ... 386 Understanding Client Beliefs... 386 Working with Clients Who Speak Different Languages. . 387 Healthcare of Hispanics/Latinos... 388 Time Considerations... 389 Use of Nonverbal/Verbal Communication . . 389 Childbirth and Pain Response ... 390 Healthcare of Native Americans and Alaskan Natives. . 390 Time Considerations... 391 Use of Nonverbal/Verbal Communication . . 391 Childbirth and Pain Response ... 391 Healthcare of Asian-Americans ... 391 Time Considerations... 393 Use of Nonverbal/Verbal Communication . . 393 Childbirth and Pain Response ... 393 Healthcare of Arab-Americans ... 393 Time Considerations... 394 Use of Nonverbal/Verbal Communication . . 394 Childbirth and Pain Response ... 394 Nursing Plan Dietary Considerations Across Cultures . . 395 Religious Beliefs and Refusal of Care Considerations . . 396 Exam Prep Questions ... 400 Answer Rationales ... 402 Suggested Reading and Resources ... 403 Chapter 20: Legal Issues in Nursing Practice ... 405 Types of Laws ... 406 Statutory Laws/Regulatory Laws ... 407 Civil Laws... 407 Criminal Laws ... 407 Common Law ... 407 Code of Ethical Behavior in Nursing Practice . . 409 Legal Theories That Affect Nursing Practice . . 410 Negligence ... 410 Malpractice... 410 Witnessing Consent for Care ... 411 Tort ... 411 Assault and Battery ... 411 Fraud ... 411 Managing Client Care ... 411 Exam Prep Questions ... 417 Answers to Exam Questions... 419 Suggested Reading and Resources ... 420 Practice Exam I ... 421 Practice Exam II ... 475 Answers to Practice Exam I ... 529 Answers to Practice Exam II... 559 Appendix A: Things You Forgot ... 589 Appendix B: Need to Know More? ... 597 Appendix C: Calculations... 605 Appendix D: Most-Prescribed Medications in the United States ... 609 Appendix E: Alphabetical Listing of Nursing Boards in the United States and Protectorates . 613 TOC, 9780789751058, 7/18/2013