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Main description:

Score Higher on the NCLEX-PN (R) Exam!

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The CD-ROM-based practice exam includes an interactive test engine for a realistic exam experience with 645 questions.

Study Tips like the advice and instruction that a personal tutor might provide
Notes, Tips, and Cautions provide you with hints and strategies that will help you reduce your mistakes on the exam
Comprehensive discussion of all subject areas covered on the NCLEX-PN (R) Exam
Practice Questions that include detailed explanations of correct and incorrect answers-so you can learn the material from your success and mistakes

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Master the NCLEX-PN (R) exam materials in all tested subject areas
Prepare with four comprehensive practice tests
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CD-ROM-based practice exam includes an interactive test engine for a meaningful exam experience with approximately 645 questions
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Contents:

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Organization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Instructional Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Extensive Practice Test Options. . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Final Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Other Valuable Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

About the NCLEX Exam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Advice for Preparing for the Exam . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Advice for Test Day . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Hints for Using This Book . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

Contact the Author . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

Study and Exam Preparation Tips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Study Tips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Exam Prep Tips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

Read the Question Carefully . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

Look for Keywords . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

Watch for Specific Details . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

Eliminate Options That Are Clearly Wrong or Incorrect . . . . . . 11

Look for Similar Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

Look for Opposite Answers . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

Part I: Exam Preparation

Chapter 1: Pharmacology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

Three Areas of Pharmacology . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

How Nurses Work with Pharmacology . . . . . . . . . . . 16

Time-released Drugs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

Administering Medications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

The Seven Rights of Administering Medication . . . . . . . . 18

Understanding and Identifying the Various Drugs . . . . . . . . . 19

Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors . . . . . . . . . 19

Beta Adrenergic Blockers . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

Anti-Infectives (Aminoglycosides) . . . . . . . . . . . 21

Benzodiazepines (Anticonvulsants/Antianxiety). . . . . . . . 23

Phenothiazines (Antipsychotic/Antiemetic) . . . . . . . . . 24

Glucocorticoids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

Antivirals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

Cholesterol-Lowering Agents . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

Angiotensin Receptor Blockers . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

Histamine 2 Antagonists . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

Proton Pump Inhibitors . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

Anticoagulants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

More Drug Identification Helpers . . . . . . . . . . . 33

Herbals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

Drug Schedules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

Pregnancy Categories for Drugs . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

Key Concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

Key Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

Apply Your Knowledge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

Answer Rationales . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

Chapter 2: Fluid and Electrolyte and Acid/Base Balance . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

Total Body Water Calculation . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

Management of the Client with Imbalances in Fluid and Electrolytes . . . . . 43

Types of Intravenous Fluids . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

How the Body Regulates Electrolytes. . . . . . . . . . 44

How the Body Regulates pH . . . . . . . . . . . . 52

Key Concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60

Key Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60

Diagnostic Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60

Pharmacological Agents Used in the Treatment of Clients with Alterations in Fluids and Electrolytes. . . . . . . . . . 60

Apply Your Knowledge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61

Exam Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62

Answers to Exam Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . 64

Suggested Reading and Resources. . . . . . . . . . . . 65

Chapter 3: Care of the Client with Cardiovascular Disorders . . . . . . . . . . . 67

Hypertension . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68

Diagnosing the Client with Hypertension . . . . . . . . . 69

Managing the Client with Hypertension . . . . . . . . . . 69

Coronary Artery Disease. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71

Atherosclerosis and Arteriosclerosis . . . . . . . . . . . 72

Conduction System of the Heart. . . . . . . . . . . . . 72

Heart Block. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73

Cardiac Monitoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74

Reading an Electrocardiogram. . . . . . . . . . . . 75

Cardiac Dysrhythmias . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76

Ventricular Tachycardia. . . . . . . . . . . . . 77

Ventricular Fibrillation . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78

Internal Pacemaker/Internal Cardiac Defibrillators . . . . . . . 79

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation . . . . . . . . . . . . 80

Angina Pectoris . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80

Myocardial Infarction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81

Diagnosis of Myocardial Infarction . . . . . . . . . . . 82

Management of a Client with Myocardial Infarction . . . . . . . 82

Aneurysms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89

Inflammatory Diseases of the Heart . . . . . . . . . . . . 90

Infective Endocarditis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90

Pericarditis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90

Peripheral Vascular Disease . . . . . . . . . . . . 91

Varicose Veins/Thrombophlebitis . . . . . . . . . . . . 92

Raynaud's Phenomenon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92

Buerger's Disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92

Key Concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94

Key Terms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94

Diagnostics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95

Pharmacological Agents Used in the Treatment of Clients with Cardiovascular Disorders . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96

Apply Your Knowledge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101

Exam Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101

Answers to Exam Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . 103

Suggested Reading and Resources. . . . . . . . . . . . 104

Chapter 4: Care of the Client with Endocrine Disorders . . . . . . . . . . . . 105

Pituitary Gland. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106

Hypopituitarism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106

Hyperpituitarism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106

Disorders of the Posterior Pituitary Gland . . . . . . . . . 107

Thyroid Disorders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108

Hypothyroidism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108

Hyperthyroidism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110

Parathyroid Disorders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112

Hypoparathyroidism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112

Hyperparathyroidism. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113

Diabetes Mellitus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114

Hyperglycemia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116

Hypoglycemia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117

Managing Hyperglycemia and Hypoglycemia. . . . . . . . 117

Adrenal Gland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118

Adrenal Gland Disorders . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119

Key Concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123

Key Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123

Diagnostics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124

Pharmacological Agents Used to Treat Clients with Endocrine Disorders . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124

Apply Your Knowledge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128

Exam Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128

Answers to Exam Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . 130

Suggested Reading and Resources. . . . . . . . . . . . 132

Chapter 5: Care of the Client with Respiratory Disorders. . . . . . . . . . . 133

Noninfectious Disorders of the Lower Respiratory Tract . . . . . . . 133

Chronic Bronchitis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133

Emphysema. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134

Asthma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135

Pleurisy (Pleuritis) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137

Pulmonary Hypertension . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138

Interstitial Pulmonary Disease . . . . . . . . . . . . 139

Sarcoidosis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139

Pulmonary Fibrosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140

Occupational Pulmonary Disease . . . . . . . . . . . 140

Infectious Disorders of the Lower Respiratory Tract. . . . . . . . 142

Pneumonia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142

Tuberculosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145

Influenza . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147

Life-Threatening Pulmonary Disorders. . . . . . . . . . . 148

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. . . . . . . . . . 148

Pulmonary Embolus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149

Pneumothorax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151

Hemothorax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152

Emerging Infections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155

SARS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155

Legionnaires' Disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156

Key Concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158

Key Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158

Diagnostic Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158

Pharmacological Agents Used in the Care of the Client with Disorders of the Respiratory System . . . . . . . . . . 159

Apply Your Knowledge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162

Exam Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163

Answers to Exam Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . 165

Suggested Reading and Resources. . . . . . . . . . . . 166

Chapter 6: Care of the Client with Genitourinary Disorders . . . . . . . . . . . 167

Renal Disorders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168

Acute Glomerulonephritis . . . . . . . . . . . . 168

Chronic Glomerulonephritis . . . . . . . . . . . . 169

Goodpasture's Syndrome . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170

Nephrotic Syndrome . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171

Polycystic Kidney Disease . . . . . . . . . . . . 172

Hydronephrosis/Hydroureteronephrosis . . . . . . . . . 173

Pyelonephritis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174

Acute and Chronic Renal Failure . . . . . . . . . . . . 175

Chronic Renal Failure . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176

Peritoneal Dialysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177

Hemodialysis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178

Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy. . . . . . . . . 179

Renal Transplantation . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180

Urinary Disorders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181

Cystitis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181

Urinary Incontinence . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183

Urolithiasis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184

Genitourinary Disorders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185

Prostatitis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186

Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy . . . . . . . . . . . . 186

Erectile Dysfunction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187

Epididymitis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189

Priapism. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189

Key Concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191

Key Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191

Diagnostics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191

Pharmacologic Agents for the Client with Genitourinary Disorders. . . . 192

Apply Your Knowledge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196

Exam Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196

Answers to Exam Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . 198

Suggested Reading and Resources. . . . . . . . . . . . 199

Chapter 7: Care of the Client with Integumentary Disorders . . . . . . . . . . . 201

Common Infections of the Integumentary System . . . . . . . . . 201

Viral Infections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201

Fungal Infections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203

Bacterial Infections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204

Psoriasis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204

Pressure Ulcers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205

Burns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208

Burn Classifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209

Burn Measurement with TBSA . . . . . . . . . . . 210

Nursing Care for Burn Victims . . . . . . . . . . . 211

Key Concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216

Key Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216

Diagnostic Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216

Pharmacological Agents Used in the Care of the Client with Integumentary Disorders . . . . . . . . . . . . 217

Apply Your Knowledge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219

Exam Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219

Answers to Exam Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . 221

Suggested Reading and Resources. . . . . . . . . . . . 222

Chapter 8: Care of the Client with Sensory Disorders. . . . . . . . . . . . 223

Disorders of the Eyes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223

Intraocular Disorders . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224

Uveitis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227

Corneal Dystrophy and Corneal Transplantation . . . . . . . . 228

Retinal Disorders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228

Refractory Errors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231

Traumatic Injuries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232

Ocular Melanoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233

Disorders of the Ears. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234

Otitis Externa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235

Otitis Media . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236

Mastoiditis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236

Meniere's Disease. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237

Acoustic Neuroma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237

Otosclerosis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 238

Presbycusis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 238

Ear Trauma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239

Assisting Clients with Hearing Loss . . . . . . . . . . 239

Key Concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242

Key Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242

Diagnostic Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243

Pharmacological Agents Used in the Care of the Client with Disorders of the Eyes and Ears . . . . . . . . . . . 243

Apply Your Knowledge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245

Exam Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245

Answers to Exam Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . 247

Suggested Reading and Resources. . . . . . . . . . . . 248

Chapter 9: Care of the Client with Gastrointestinal Disorders . . . . . . . . . . 249

Peptic Ulcer Disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250

Types of Ulcers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251

Diagnosis of Ulcers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251

Treatment of Ulcers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252

Inflammatory Bowel Disorders . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255

Crohn's Disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255

Ulcerative Colitis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255

Management of the Client with Inflammatory Bowel Disease . . . . . 256

Diverticular Disease. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257

Management of the Client with Diverticulitis . . . . . . . . 257

Hemorrhoids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 258

Appendicitis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 258

Peritonitis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260

Intestinal Obstruction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261

Esophageal Disorders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262

GERD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262

Hiatal Hernia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 266

Diseases Associated with the Liver . . . . . . . . . . . . 267

Hepatitis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267

Cirrhosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273

Acute Pancreatitis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277

Diagnosis of Pancreatitis. . . . . . . . . . . . . 278

Treatment of Pancreatitis . . . . . . . . . . . . . 278

Cholecystitis/Cholelithiasis . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279

Symptoms of Cholecystitis and Cholelithiasis . . . . . . . . 280

Diagnosis of Cholecystitis/Cholelithiasis . . . . . . . . . 280

Treatment of Cholecystitis . . . . . . . . . . . . 281

Treatment of Cholethiasis. . . . . . . . . . . . . 281

Clostridium Difficile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 282

Food-Borne Illnesses. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283

Key Concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 286

Key Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 286

Diagnostic Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287

Pharmacological Agents Used in the Care of the Client with Disorders of the Gastrointestinal System. . . . . . . . . 287

Apply Your Knowledge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289

Exam Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 290

Answers to Exam Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . 292

Suggested Reading and Resources. . . . . . . . . . . . 293

Chapter 10: Care of the Client with Hematological Disorders . . . . . . . . . . . 295

Anemia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295

Pernicious Anemia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 296

Aplastic Anemia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 296

Sickle Cell Anemia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 297

Iron Deficiency Anemia . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301

Thalassemia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 303

Polycythemia Vera . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 304

Hemophilia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305

Transfusion Reactions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 307

Key Concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 309

Key Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 309

Diagnostic Tests for Review . . . . . . . . . . . . 309

Pharmacological Agents Used in Hematological Disorders . . . . . 310

Apply Your Knowledge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 311

Exam Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 311

Answers to Exam Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . 313

Suggested Reading and Resources. . . . . . . . . . . . 314

Chapter 11; Care of the Client with Disorders of the Neurological System. . . . . . . . 315

Neurological Assessment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 316

Cranial Nerve Assessment . . . . . . . . . . . . 316

Glasgow Coma Scale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 317

Intracranial Pressure Monitors. . . . . . . . . . . . 318

Brain Injuries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 319

Epidural Hematomas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 322

Subdural Hematoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 322

Intracerebral Hematomas . . . . . . . . . . . . . 322

Treatment of Hematomas . . . . . . . . . . . . . 322

Increased Intracranial Pressure . . . . . . . . . . . 322

Brain Tumors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 326

Treatment of Brain Tumors . . . . . . . . . . . . 327

Care of the Client with Intracranial Surgery (Craniotomy) . . . . . . . 328

Cerebrovascular Accident/Stroke . . . . . . . . . . . . 332

Ischemic Stroke . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 332

Hemorrhagic Stroke . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 334

Seizures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 337

Types of Seizures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 337

Treatment of Seizure Clients . . . . . . . . . . . . 340

Parkinson's Disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 340

Meningitis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 342

Autoimmune Neurological Disorders. . . . . . . . . . . 344

Multiple Sclerosis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 344

Myasthenia Gravis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345

Guillain-Barre. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 347

Degenerative Neurological Disorders . . . . . . . . . . . 348

Cranial Nerve Disorders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 349

Trigeminal Neuralgia . . . . . . . . . . . . . 349

Bell's Palsy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 349

Spinal Cord Injuries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 350

Treatment of Spinal Cord Injuries. . . . . . . . . . . 351

Potential Complications with SCI Clients . . . . . . . . . 352

Intervertebral Disk Disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . 353

Key Concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 356

Key Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 356

Diagnostics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 357

Pharmacological Agents Used in the Care of Clients with Neurological Disorders. . . . . . . . . . . . . 358

Apply Your Knowledge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 363

Exam Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 363

Answers to Exam Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . 366

Suggested Reading and Resources. . . . . . . . . . . . 367

Chapter 12: Care of the Client with Immunological Disorders . . . . . . . . . . . 369

Immunodeficiency Syndrome . . . . . . . . . . . . . 370

Diagnoses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 371

HIV Prevention . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 373

Standard Precautions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 373

Airborne Transmission-Based Precautions (Second Tier of CDC Guidelines for Infection Control) . . . . . . . . . . . 374

Droplet Transmission-Based Precautions (Second Tier of CDC Guidelines for Infection Control) . . . . . . . . . . . 374

Contact Transmission-Based Precautions (Second Tier of CDC Guidelines for Infection Control) . . . . . . . . . . . 375

Treatments After Occupational Exposure. . . . . . . . . 375

Management of the Client with HIV . . . . . . . . . . . 375

Key Concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 379

Key Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 379

Diagnostic Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 379

Pharmacological Agents Used in the Care of the Client with Immunologic Disorders . . . . . . . . . . . . . 380

Apply Your Knowledge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 383

Exam Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 384

Answers to Exam Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . 386

Suggested Reading and Resources. . . . . . . . . . . . 387

Chapter 13: Care of the Client with Neoplastic Disorders . . . . . . . . . . . 389

American Cancer Society's Seven Warning Signs of Cancer. . . . . . . 389

The Four Major Categories of Cancer. . . . . . . . . . . 390

Risk Factors for Specific Cancers . . . . . . . . . . . . 390

Cancer Prevention . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 392

Major Types of Cancer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 393

Colorectal Cancer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 393

Lung Cancer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 397

Prostate Cancer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 399

Breast Cancer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 401

Other Major Cancers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 406

General Interventions for Clients with Cancer . . . . . . . . . 411

Radiation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 411

Chemotherapy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 413

Total Parenteral Nutrition . . . . . . . . . . . . 414

Neoplastic-Associated Disorders and Emergencies . . . . . . . . 416

Bone Marrow and Peripheral Stem Cell Transplantation . . . . . . . 417

Types of Transplants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 417

Nursing Care After Transplantation . . . . . . . . . . 418

Key Concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 420

Key Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 420

Diagnostic Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 421

Pharmacologic Agents Used in the Care of the Client with Specific Neoplastic Disorders. . . . . . . . . . . . . 422

Apply Your Knowledge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 429

Exam Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 429

Answers to Exam Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . 432

Suggested Reading and Resources. . . . . . . . . . . . 434

Chapter 14: Care of the Client with Musculoskeletal and Connective Tissue Disorders . . . . . 435

Fractures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 436

Major Fracture Sites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 438

General Treatment for Fractures. . . . . . . . . . . 438

Common Complications Associated with Fractures . . . . . . . 442

Osteoporosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 445

Osteoarthritis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 446

Diagnosis of Osteoarthritis. . . . . . . . . . . . 447

Treatment of the Client with Osteoarthritis . . . . . . . . . 447

Fibromyalgia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 448

Ankylosing Spondylitis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 448

Gout. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 449

Rheumatoid Arthritis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 450

Lupus Erythematosus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 452

Musculoskeletal Surgical Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . 454

Fractured Hip and Hip Replacement . . . . . . . . . . 454

Total Knee Replacement. . . . . . . . . . . . . 455

Amputations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 456

Key Concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 462

Key Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 462

Diagnostics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 462

Pharmacologic Agents Used in Musculoskeletal and Connective Tissue Disorders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 463

Apply Your Knowledge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 467

Exam Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 467

Answers to Exam Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . 469

Suggested Reading and Resources. . . . . . . . . . . . 470

Chapter 15: Care of the Childbearing Client and the Neonatal Client . . . . . . . . . 471

Prenatal Care . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 471

Signs of Pregnancy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 471

Prenatal Diet and Weight Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . 472

Measuring Fetal Heart Tones. . . . . . . . . . . . 474

Measuring Fundal Height. . . . . . . . . . . . . 474

Prelabor Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 474

Intrapartal Care . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 476

Stages of Labor. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 477

Important Terms You Should Know . . . . . . . . . . 477

Complications Associated with Pregnancy. . . . . . . . . . 478

Cardiac Disease During Pregnancy. . . . . . . . . . . 478

Diabetes in Pregnancy. . . . . . . . . . . . . 481

Preeclampsia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 482

Ectopic Pregnancy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 483

Hydatidiform Mole . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 483

Incompetent Cervix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 484

Types of Abortions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 484

Placenta Previa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 485

Abruptio Placenta. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 485

Complications Associated with Labor and Delivery . . . . . . . . 486

Fetal Malpresentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . 487

Post-term Labor and Birth . . . . . . . . . . . . 487

Precipitate Delivery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 488

Cord Prolapse. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 488

Cesarean Birth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 488

Assisted Birth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 489

Fetal Monitoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 489

Pharmacologic Management of Labor . . . . . . . . . . . 491

Postpartum Care . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 492

Newborn Care . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 493

Terms Associated with the Normal Newborn . . . . . . . . 494

Rh Incompatibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 495

Women's Health Issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 496

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease . . . . . . . . . . . . 496

Menopause . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 496

Maternal Infections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 496

Methods of Contraception . . . . . . . . . . . . 499

Key Concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 502

Key Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 502

Diagnostic Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 503

Pharmacological Agents Used in the Care of the Obstetric Client . . . . 504

Apply Your Knowledge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 505

Exam Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 506

Answers to Exam Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . 508

Suggested Reading and Resources. . . . . . . . . . . . 509

Chapter 16: Care of the Pediatric Client . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 511

Growth and Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 511

Infant (28 Days to 1 Year). . . . . . . . . . . . . 511

Toddler (1-3 Years) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 512

Preschooler (3-5 Years) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 513

School Age (6-12 Years) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 515

Adolescence (12-18 Years) . . . . . . . . . . . . 515

Caring for the Child with Respiratory Disorders . . . . . . . . . 516

Upper Airway Infections. . . . . . . . . . . . . 517

Lower Airway Infections. . . . . . . . . . . . . 521

Long-Term Respiratory Disorders . . . . . . . . . . . 523

Cystic Fibrosis (Mucoviscidosis) . . . . . . . . . . . 524

Caring for the Child with Gastrointestinal Disorders . . . . . . . . 525

Disorders of Motility. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 526

Structural Defects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 528

Obstructive Disorders . . . . . . . . . . . . . 530

Inflammatory and Parasitic Disorders. . . . . . . . . . 532

Malabsorptive/Metabolic Syndromes . . . . . . . . . . 533

Ingestion of Hazardous Substances . . . . . . . . . . . 535

Caring for the Child with Cardiovascular Disorders . . . . . . . . 537

Congenital Heart Defects. . . . . . . . . . . . . 538

Acquired Heart Disease. . . . . . . . . . . . . 545

Caring for the Child with Genitourinary Disorders. . . . . . . . 548

Obstructive Uropathy . . . . . . . . . . . . . 549

External Defects (Hypospadias, Epispadias, Exstrophy of the Bladder). . . 549

Hypospadias . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 549

Epispadias/Exstrophy of the Bladder . . . . . . . . . . 550

Caring for the Child with Neoplastic Disorders. . . . . . . . . 551

Leukemia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 551

Wilms' Tumor (Nephroblastoma) . . . . . . . . . . . 551

Retinoblastoma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 552

Neuroblastoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 552

Osteosarcoma and Ewing's Sarcoma . . . . . . . . . . 552

Rhabdomyosarcoma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 553

Surviving Childhood Cancer . . . . . . . . . . . . 553

Caring for the Child with Cerebral Disorders . . . . . . . . . 554

Intracranial Infections (Encephalitis and Bacterial Meningitis) . . . . . 554

Reye's Syndrome . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 555

Caring for the Child with Integumentary Disorders . . . . . . . . 556

Eczema (Atopic Dermatitis) . . . . . . . . . . . . 556

Scabies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 557

Pediculosis Capitis (Head Lice) . . . . . . . . . . . 557

Lyme Disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 558

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever . . . . . . . . . . . 558

Caring for the Child with Communicable Disease. . . . . . . . . 559

Caring for the Child with Musculoskeletal Disorders . . . . . . . . 561

Congenital Clubfoot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 561

Developmental Hip Dysplasia . . . . . . . . . . . . 561

Osteogenesis Imperfecta . . . . . . . . . . . . . 562

Legg-Calve-Perthes Disease (Coxa Plana) . . . . . . . . . 563

Scoliosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 564

Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis (Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis) . . . . . 564

Caring for the Child with Neuromuscular Disorders . . . . . . . . 565

Cerebral Palsy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 565

Neural Tube Defects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 566

Spina Bifida. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 566

Muscular Dystrophies . . . . . . . . . . . . . 567

Caring for the Abused and Neglected Child . . . . . . . . . . 568

Key Concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 571

Key Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 571

Diagnostics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 572

Pharmacological Agents Used in the Care of Pediatric Clients . . . . . 572

Apply Your Knowledge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 572

Exam Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 573

Answers to Exam Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . 575

Suggested Reading and Resources. . . . . . . . . . . . 576

Chapter 17: Care of the Client with Psychiatric Disorders . . . . . . . . . . . 577

Anxiety-related Disorders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 577

Generalized Anxiety Disorder . . . . . . . . . . . . 578

Post-traumatic Stress Disorder . . . . . . . . . . . 578

Dissociative Identity Disorder . . . . . . . . . . . . 579

Somatoform Disorder . . . . . . . . . . . . . 579

Panic Disorder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 579

Phobic Disorders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 580

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder . . . . . . . . . . . 580

Personality Disorders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 581

Cluster A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 581

Cluster B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 582

Cluster C. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 583

Managing Clients with Personality Disorders . . . . . . . . 584

Psychotic Disorders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 585

Schizophrenia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 585

Bipolar Disorders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 587

Substance Abuse. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 590

Alcoholism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 590

Chemical Dependence. . . . . . . . . . . . . 592

Psychological Disorders of Childhood and Adolescence . . . . . . . 594

Autistic Spectrum Disorder . . . . . . . . . . . . 595

Conduct Disorder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 595

Oppositional Defiant Disorder . . . . . . . . . . . 596

Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder . . . . . . . . . . 596

Eating Disorders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 596

Key Concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 599

Key Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 599

Diagnostics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 600

Pharmacological Agents Used in the Care of the Client with Psychiatric Disorders . . . . . . . . . . . . . 600

Apply Your Knowledge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 605

Exam Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 606

Answers to Exam Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . 608

Suggested Reading and Resources. . . . . . . . . . . . 609

Chapter 18: Emergency Care. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 611

The ABCDs of Emergency Care. . . . . . . . . . . . 612

Airway . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 612

Breathing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 613

Circulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 613

Deficits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 614

Obtaining Client Information . . . . . . . . . . . . 614

Trauma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 615

Head Injuries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 615

Chest Injuries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 616

Abdominal Injuries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 616

Documenting and Protecting Forensic Evidence . . . . . . . . 617

Poisoning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 618

Poisonous Stings and Bites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 618

Bioterrorism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 620

Chemical and Biological Agents . . . . . . . . . . . 620

Nuclear Warfare. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 622

Triage Categories for Disaster Victims . . . . . . . . . . 623

Key Concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 625

Key Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 625

Diagnostics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 625

Pharmacological Agents Commonly Used in ER Treatment . . . . . 625

Apply Your Knowledge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 626

Exam Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 626

Answers to Exam Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . 628

Suggested Reading and Resources. . . . . . . . . . . . 629

Chapter 19: Legal Issues in Nursing Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 631

Types of Laws. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 632

Statutory Laws/Regulatory Laws. . . . . . . . . . . 632

Civil Laws . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 632

Criminal Laws . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 632

Common Law. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 632

Code of Ethical Behavior in Nursing Practice . . . . . . . . . 633

Legal Theories That Affect Nursing Practice . . . . . . . . . . 634

Negligence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 635

Malpractice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 635

Witnessing Consent for Care. . . . . . . . . . . . 635

Tort . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 635

Assault and Battery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 636

Fraud . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 636

Managing Client Care. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 636

Key Terms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 640

Apply Your Knowledge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 640

Exam Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 641

Answers to Exam Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . 643

Suggested Reading and Resources. . . . . . . . . . . . 644

Chapter 20: Cultural Practices Influencing Nursing Care . . . . . . . . . . . . 645

Cultural Assessment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 645

Understanding Client Beliefs . . . . . . . . . . . . 645

Working with Clients Who Speak Different Languages . . . . . . 646

Healthcare of Hispanics/Latinos . . . . . . . . . . . . 647

Time Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 648

Use of Nonverbal/Verbal Communication. . . . . . . . . 648

Childbirth and Pain Response . . . . . . . . . . . . 649

Healthcare of Native Americans and Alaskan Natives . . . . . . . . 649

Time Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 649

Use of Nonverbal/Verbal Communication. . . . . . . . . 650

Childbirth and Pain Response . . . . . . . . . . . . 650

Healthcare of Asian-Americans . . . . . . . . . . . . . 650

Time Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 651

Use of Nonverbal/Verbal Communication. . . . . . . . . 651

Childbirth and Pain Response . . . . . . . . . . . . 652

Healthcare of Arab-Americans. . . . . . . . . . . . . 652

Time Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 653

Use of Nonverbal/Verbal Communication. . . . . . . . . 653

Childbirth and Pain Response . . . . . . . . . . . . 653

Nursing Plan Dietary Considerations Across Cultures . . . . . . . . 653

Religious Beliefs and Refusal of Care Considerations . . . . . . . . 655

Key Terms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 657

Apply Your Knowledge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 657

Exam Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 657

Answers to Exam Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . 659

Suggested Reading and Resources. . . . . . . . . . . . 660

Part II: Final Review

Fast Facts

The NCLEX PN Exam Prep. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 661

Practice Exam I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 669

Practice Exam II. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 705

Practice Exam III . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 743

Practice Exam IV: Management and Alternative Item Exam Questions. . . . . . . . . . 781

Answers to Practice Exam I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 809

Answers to Practice Exam II . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 833

Answers to Practice Exam III . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 855

Answers to Practice Exam IV: Management and Alternative Item Exam Questions. . . . . . . . . . 875

Part III: Appendixes

Appendix A: Things You Forgot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 889

Appendix B; Need to Know More?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 895

Appendix C: Calculations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 901

Appendix D; Commonly-Prescribed Medications in the United States. . . . . . . . . 905

9780789753137, TOC, 11/5/2014


PRODUCT DETAILS

ISBN-13: 9780789753137
Publisher: Pearson (Pearson IT Certification)
Publication date: December, 2014
Pages: 1008
Dimensions: 213.00 x 275.00 x 35.00
Weight: 1836g
Availability: Not available (reason unspecified)
Subcategories: Nursing
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